Emilia Constantinescu

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) complicates academic integrity by blurring the boundary between assistance and authorship, enabling cognitive delegation, and introducing algorithmic mediation into assessment and institutional decisions. This article presents a critical conceptual synthesis, not a systematic review. A purposive corpus of 64 academic and policy sources was examined through comparative coding, negative-case analysis, source-to-concept tracing, and normative interpretation. The synthesis distinguishes integrity of academic work, integrity of assessment, and institutional procedural integrity. It proposes an integrated governance framework connecting preventive governance, ethical AI literacy, governed verification, restorative accountability, and proportionate discipline. The framework argues that policy clarity must reach the assessed task; AI literacy supports judgement but cannot neutralize strategic misconduct; automated indicators require corroboration, competent human review, reasons, and appeal; and restorative processes are appropriate only when harm, affected parties, voluntary participation, responsibility, repair, and reintegration are substantively addressed. Its principal contribution is a case-to-governance feedback mechanism through which integrity cases generate institutional learning and trigger revision of policy, assessment design, literacy provision, and technology oversight. Seven testable conceptual propositions, a response-selection pathway, role-specific duties, staged implementation responsibilities, and evaluation indicators are provided. The framework remains a normative and empirically testable proposal rather than a validated intervention or universally effective solution.

Height systems form a mathematical interface between physical geodesy, engineering surveying, and digital cartography. Although satellite positioning efficiently provides ellipsoidal heights, practical infrastructure, mapping, hydrological, and monitoring tasks require gravity-related heights that are compatible with national vertical datums. This paper develops a denominator-based framework in which dynamic, orthometric, and normal heights are interpreted as metric realizations of a common geopotential number. Starting from the line-integral definition of geopotential, the principal height formulae are derived; first-order sensitivities to geoid undulation, height anomaly, and mean gravity are established; and uncertainty propagation is analyzed. A Romania-oriented computational experiment, explicitly defined as a representative model-behavior study rather than an official national adjustment, uses lowland, plateau, and mountain-influenced settings consistent with the Constanta and Black Sea 1975 normal-height context. The results show that modeled normal-orthometric separations remain below 3 mm in representative low-relief locations but increase to 17.1 mm in Suceava, 29.5 mm in Cluj-Napoca, and 85.6 mm in the mountain-influenced Brasov case. The dynamic-normal differences remain small at low elevations but become systematic where the normal-gravity denominator departs from the selected reference value. The Monte Carlo experiment indicates standard uncertainties of approximately 4.2–4.4 cm for normal heights when a 1.5 cm ellipsoidal-height uncertainty and a 4.0 cm quasi-geoid uncertainty are assumed. A single-point covariance example gives 31.7 mm for normal-height conversion and 36.9 mm for orthometric-height conversion under the stated correlation assumptions. The transformation-surface comparison further shows that a quadratic local model reduces leave-one-out cross-validation error from 16.73 mm to 9.95 mm relative to a planar model in the synthetic Romania-oriented scenario. The study concludes that the height-system label must be treated as part of the mathematical model and metadata, and it proposes a geopotential-centered computational pathway for survey adjustment, uncertainty control, and metadata-safe geospatial export.

The demand for triticale is increasing due to its good production potential, tolerance to abiotic stress, and nutritional value. One of the most important strategies for increasing the yield and quality of triticale grains is the choice of the most suitable cultivars for various management and environmental conditions. This study was conducted in a semi-arid area of Romania (Oltenia Plain) with eight Romanian triticale cultivars over three growing seasons, following two cropping systems (conventional and organic). It was observed that the response of the triticale crop was strongly influenced by the crop management, with a decrease of -52.4% in yield, -17.2% in thousand-grain weight, -26.7% in protein content and -10.8% in test weight for the organic system. On average, for conventional system, Zvelt (8.25 t·ha-1) followed by Zori (7.73 t·ha-1) and Pisc (7.61 t·ha-1) obtained the highest yields. In organic system, Zori (3.87 t•ha-1) and Zvelt (3.75 t·ha-1) obtained the highest yields, but statistically insignificant compared to the other cultivars. Good grain quality in conventional system was shown by Tulnic, which obtained the highest protein content (16.1%) and the highest test weight (73.1 kg·hl-1), and in organic system by Zvelt which obtained a high protein content (11.3%) and the highest test weight (64.8 kg·hl-1).The 2022/2023 growing season had high temperatures during grain-filling period, favoring a higher protein content.

Soil preparation for wheat crop establishment has a complex influence on its physical, chemical and biological properties, having a direct impact on agricultural production. The present work aimed to analyze the effect of germination bed preparation methods on wheat sowing operations and, subsequently, on the degree of plant emergence. The studies were carried out in the southwest of Dolj County, in Brabova commune, on the lands of an agricultural holding. The experiment was carried out on a total area of 6 hectares, divided into three distinct plots, each of two hectares. The following germination bed preparation and sowing methods were applied on these plots:Plot 1 (TAV): Conventional works for autumn sowing, on a land covered with corn plant residues, followed by a chopping work.,Plot 2 (LDG): Light tillage with heavy disc harrows on a field covered with rapeseed residues.,Plot 3 (LGR): Tillage with a vertical rotor harrow after the sunflower precursor crop had flowered.Immediately after the preparation work, a series of essential soil characteristics were determined for each plot, including: soil moisture, degree of fragmentation, degree of compaction, optimum moisture depth (moisture line) and uniformity of seed embedment depth. The research will continue throughout the entire vegetation cycle by monitoring the evolution of the crop and will end with the evaluation of the final wheat production obtained.

Remote sensing is an efficient and modern tool for identifying agricultural crops and their evolution over a year or a longer period. The paper presents the use of European software, in this case LEOWORKS 4.0, which is free and can be used especially in scientific research and education, but also Snap software. With its help, various supervised or unsupervised reports or classifications can be made.In agriculture in general, various phenomena can occur, from drought to torrential rains, and these can be highlighted with the help of satellite remote sensing recordings. A case study is presented in the OLTENIA area, with the help of the LEOWORKS 4.0 software and the Snap software of the European Space Agency, with the help of supervised and unsupervised classification and many aspects that can lead to a better organization in the field of agriculture and in the study of agricultural crops, of agricultural works.The use of remote sensing, combined with the use of drones and photogrammetry (lidar, terrestrial laser scanning) and GNSS and geographic information systems solves any problem in terms of monitoring and identifying agricultural crops and their evolution over a year or a longer period.

Determining precise elevations by geometric leveling is a fundamental component in geodesy, civil engineering and cadastre.In Romania, the gradual transition to the normal elevation system, compatible with the European Vertical Reference System (EVRS), requires the application of modern methods for compensating geodetic networks.Free leveling networks are characterized by the absence of a point with fixed elevation, which requires special methodologies for numerical stabilization and additional conditioning to obtain a unique solution.The article analyzes the principles of normal elevations, the necessary gravimetric corrections, the mathematical model of free networks, as well as compensation methods such as LSQ, the Hansen–Helmert–Wolf method and SVD.A simplified numerical example, the interpretation of the compensated results and the advantages of using the normal system in current geodetic practice are presented. The paper reveals the central role of normal gravity, adjusted weights and regularization in ensuring the stability of the solution.Finally, the implications for Romanian networks and the prospects for alignment with EVRS are discussed.The altitude system used is the orthometric-spheroidal system, used in the past in Romania, which uses the geoid as a reference surface.

Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L.) is one of the species cultivated in many countries of the world, being used as a medicinal, industrial and ornamental plant. It is distinguished as one of the most valuable plant species with a high content of essential oils. It is known that Lavender has a low seed germination rate, requiring vegetative propagation techniques, appropriate for obtaining high-quality planting material, which ensures both uniformity and high productivity. This work aimed to identify the most efficient method of lavender propagation by cuttings, to be economically profitable, and thus to support farmers who want to establish a Lavender crop but have limited financial resources. To determine the effect of cutting length on the rooting process, a factorial experiment was carried out, consisting of five variations of cutting length and a control variant of seed propagation. Each experimental variant had five repetitions, the tested lengths were: 3 cm, 5 cm, 8 cm, 10 cm and 15 cm, rooting and emergence evaluations were made 30 days after planting. The results obtained showed that the best rooting variant of lavender cuttings is 5 cm with a percentage of 87% rooted cuttings 45 days after planting.

The Sohodol Gorges has become a location of interest for tourists seeking ecological experiences and outdoor activities. The main purpose of the present study is to evaluate the attitudes of Romanian tourists toward the development of geotourism in this region following the COVID-19 pandemic. In conjunction with the research questions, hypotheses, variables, and research methodology, the following research objectives were emphasized in this study of the Oltenia region: (1) investigate how certain socio-demographic variables, such as age, gender, level of education, and occupation, influence tourists’ perceptions of the various aspects of geotourism development in the Sohodol Gorges; (2) analyze the different dimensions of geotourism, including its economic, ecological, and socio-cultural impacts, thus contributing to a deeper understanding of how geotourism is perceived in the study area in the post-pandemic context. For a qualitative evaluation of the information presented in this study, the authors used a qualitative survey with open questions and closed questions as a data collection method. For data processing and analysis, the EViews version 12.0 software package was used, enabling complex statistical analyses such as multiple regressions and correlation coefficient determination. These techniques were essential for identifying and interpreting the relationships between demographic variables and tourist perceptions. The research results provide a detailed picture of the influence that demographic and behavioral factors have on tourists’ perceptions in the context of post-COVID-19 geotourism development in the Sohodol Gorges of Romania. Education level and age play a significant role in shaping economic and environmental perceptions, indicating that tourists with higher education levels are more aware of the economic and ecological impact of tourism.

Sohodol Gorges has become a location of interest for tourists looking for ecological experiences and outdoor activities. The main purpose of the present study is to evaluate the attitudes of Romanian tourists toward the development of geotourism in this region following the COVID-19 pandemic. In conjunction with the research questions, hypotheses, variables, and research methodology, the following research objectives were emphasized in this study of the Oltenia region: (1) to investigate how certain socio-demographic variables, such as age, gender, level of education, and occupation, influence tourists' perceptions of the various aspects of geotourism development in the Sohodol Gorges; (2) to analyze the different dimensions of geotourism, including its economic, ecological, and socio-cultural impacts, thus contributing to a deeper understanding of how geotourism is perceived in the study area in the post-pandemic context. For data processing and analysis, EViews software version 12.0 was used, enabling complex statistical analyses such as multiple regressions and correlation coefficient determination. These techniques were essential for identifying and interpreting the relationships between demographic variables and tourist perceptions. The results of this research provide a detailed picture of the influence of demographic and behavioral factors on tourists' perceptions in the context of post-COVID-19 geotourism development in the Sohodol Gorges of the Romania. Education level and age play a significant role in shaping economic and environmental perceptions, indicating that tourists with higher education levels are more aware of the economic and ecological impact of tourism.

The globalization of agriculture and its industrialization seems to be unceasing, with negative consequences such as loss of biodiversity and health risks perceived worldwide. These implications range from monoculture practices, which reduce genetic variation in agriculture, to biased technological development, which uses only a few species of energy-intensive plants. The limited variety of agricultural products raises concerns about the ability of major crops to address food insecurity and alleviate poverty. To meet such problems, exploitation of underutilized crop species is important for expanding the field of research and development. Millions of people around the world depend on thousands of different plant species to support their livelihoods, health and cultural traditions, namely, they provide food, medicine, fiber, fuel and other important resources that people rely on for survival.