Mateus Henrique Fulan

Objective: The main objective of this study was to compare urbanized areas, supplemented by additional information such as tree vegetation, areas without vegetation, and the presence of agriculture in the Fojo and Perdizes watershed located in Campos do Jordão, SP, Brazil, 12 years after their characterization, using supervised classification methods. Theoretical Framework: The use of geotechnologies for the assessment of the LULC change allows the holistic visualization of the area, compared to former studies. Method: The base image for the study was generated through the Semi-Automatic Classification Plugin, with Sentinel-2 satellite spectral data as the base. Land use and cover classifications were conducted through Quantum GIS, with the Orfeo Toolbox plugin as the supervised classification tool. Results and Discussion: The results obtained reveal significant land use changes in Campos do Jordão, specifically on Fojo watershed, where there was a 48% decrease of urban land use. Research Implications: The theoretical implications of the research contributes to the future study of other environmental interest areas, allowing the classification of other regions, encouraging future researches of land use and cover changes, influencing other areas such as geoprocessing, urban planning and ecology. Originality/Value: Usage of modern technologies for the assessment of land use change in an area previously studied can evidentiate recent changes, in this case, the great reduction of urbanized area in Campos do Jordão. The results obtained through the study may influence further scientific research especially for geoprocessing, as new technologies aid a better understanding.

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify locations with higher eutrophication and, consequently, susceptible to the emergence of macrophytes in the Barra Bonita reservoir, SP. Theoretical background: The presence of macrophytes, such as Eichhornia crassipes, is influenced by ecological succession driven by human activities like introducing exotic species and discharging untreated nutrients. Effective management, including buffer zones, is suggested to reduce eutrophication, though some studies question their effectiveness on a large scale. Method: The analysis of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was conducted using remote sensing images obtained from Landsat 8 and 9 satellites. As a criterion for data acquisition, corresponding data for the study region were obtained over a one-year temporal scale with a maximum cloud cover of 0%. Results and conclusion: Analyzing the images, it is observable that the month of June 2023 exhibited areas with a higher vegetation index and, consequently, eutrophication processes. This trend gradually decreased in the months of August, September, and November. Research implications: The analysis of satellite images revealed specific patterns of eutrophication, suggesting a direct correlation between the geographical distribution of nutrients and the potential proliferation of macrophytes. Additionally, comparative studies of nutrient concentrations in tributaries indicate that urban pollution, besides affecting local water quality, contributed to eutrophication in the Barra Bonita reservoir. Originality/value: Through the NDVI, the eutrophication possibility in Barra Bonita’s Reservoir was evidentiated.