Svetlana Dušanić-Gačić

The paper deals with the evaluation of the financing of the education system in the Republic of Srpska in the period from 2014 to the end of 2023, with special reference to the importance of education for overall social and economic development. Education is a key factor for the development of human resources, innovation and competitiveness, and is vital for the long-term progress of the country. However, the results of the analysis show that less than 2% of the total investments are invested in the education sector, which is significantly below the international standards and recommendations. This lack of investment can threaten the quality of education, reduce the availability of resources and lead to long-term consequences for the economic growth and social stability. Through a review of quantitative data, the paper identifies weaknesses in the structure of education financing and points to the necessary reforms to enable a better investment in the education sector, which is of essential importance for the sustainable development of the Republic of Srpska.

Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country in transition with an economy that imports more than it exports, but the importance of exports is crucial for sustainable economic growth. This paper investigates the impact of the gross domestic product (GDP) on the foreign trade of Bosnia and Herzegovina, focusing on the exchange of goods with the countries of the European Union. The analysis covers the period from 2009 to the end of 2022 to look at long-term trends. The main goal of the research is to determine the existence of a statistically significant influence of GDP on the exports and imports of the country. Using the t-test, the value of exports/imports between the countries of the European Union and other countries is also analyzed. Firstly, an analysis of macroeconomic trends was conducted, which is crucial for understanding the economic situation in BiH. Monitoring the trends of GDP, imports, and exports provides insights into the country’s economic activity. GDP trends reflect economic growth or recession, while the analysis of imports and exports provides information on trade activities. From 2009 to the end of 2022, the GDP of BiH mostly showed a rising trend, with exceptions such as in 2012. The GDP growth rate varied during the analyzed period, with the lowest values during the years of the global financial crisis and the Covid-19 pandemic, and the highest in 2021. Imports and exports of Bosnia and Herzegovina are also important indicators of economic activity. The value of imports and exports mostly showed an upward trend, although decreases were recorded in some years. The analysis of the relationship between imports and exports indicates a trade deficit, which can be a challenge for economic stability. The country faces challenges in achieving balance in the foreign trade balance, given the higher imports compared to exports. After analyzing macroeconomic trends, a regression analysis was conducted to determine the impact of GDP on the imports and exports of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results show a statistically significant positive correlation between GDP and imports, as well as exports. This confirms that economic growth (GDP) positively influences the country’s trade activities. Additionally, the trade exchange of Bosnia and Herzegovina with the countries of the European Union and other countries was analyzed. Although no statistically significant difference was found, the data show a significant volume of trade with the European Union countries. Favorable trade agreements facilitate access to the EU market for Bosnian products, while the connection with the EU enables access to technology and investments that support economic development. Further development of trade relations with the EU is expected to support the economic growth of this country and open up new business opportunities. The results of the research provide insight into the trends of the mentioned variables during the analyzed period. Based on the obtained results, concrete recommendations are given for increasing the export of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The paper contributes to the understanding of the economic dynamics of this country in the trade context, emphasizing the importance of strategies for improving exports and strengthening economic stability.

In addition to the large number of definitions of marketing, which have been given by researchers and marketers for decades, the simplest conclusion is that marketing is a discipline that is constantly developing, adapting to changes in society, technology and, above all, consumer behavior. The future of marketing is rapidly evolving, driven by the shift from traditional to digital platforms and the integration of AI technologies. The future of marketing will likely see an even greater reliance on AI-driven insights, augmented reality experiences, and voice search optimization. As technology advances, the boundaries between traditional and digital marketing will continue to blur, leading to a more integrated, data-driven approach that prioritizes consumer experience and engagement. There is only one truth - Marketers who adapt to these changes will thrive in this dynamic environment.

Organisational design is a complex framework unique to each organisation, shaping its competitive advantage. In this study, we examine the organisational design of workplaces, aiming to optimise it through job satisfaction and structure. We hypothesised that effective workplace design, guided by the distribution of labour principle, relies heavily on the role of company managers in coordinating work units. To explore this, we analysed job characteristics across three dimensions: task, knowledge, and social aspects. Using survey data, we conducted analyses to investigate the relationship between job design and job satisfaction. Descriptive statistical and correlational analyses were employed to present our findings. A well-designed organisational structure enables the creation, sharing, and utilisation of knowledge, fostering innovation, collaboration, and continuous learning. Therefore, the alignment of organisational design principles with knowledge management strategies is essential for maximising organisational performance and maintaining competitiveness in today's dynamic business environment. Our study demonstrates that organisational structure reflects the alignment of individuals and groups with work tasks and organisational objectives. This alignment enables clear definition of roles, responsibilities, and interpersonal relationships, facilitating effective monitoring and control of goal achievement. Adopting such an oriented approach enhances organisational efficiency and effectiveness.Keywords: job design; satisfaction; organisation; work task.JEL Classification: D22; L23; M11; M21.Cite this chapter:Dušanić-Gačić, S, Milovanović, M., & Agić, Z. (2024). Organisational Design and Knowledge Management. Enhancing Workplace Dynamics through Job Satisfaction and Structure. In: Knowledge Management in Economy, Technology and Education, N. Perić and O. Arsenijević (Eds.). (pp. 61-84). Book Series Socio-Economics, Research, Innovation and Technologies. RITHA Publishing. https://doi.org/10.57017/SERITHA.2024.KM-ETE.ch3 Chapter’s history: Received 23rd of September, 2023; Revised 27th of November, 2023; Accepted for publication 29th of February, 2024; Published 30th of June, 2024. About the Author(s):PhD Svetlana Dušanić-Gačić is a Full Professor in the study program of Management, Business, and Business Economics at Banja Luka College, where she has been teaching for 15 years. She has developed a robust expertise in the fields of Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial Management, Management, Microeconomics, and Macroeconomics. Dušanić-Gačić, S. is known for her innovative teaching methods and commitment to fostering a deep understanding of business principles among her students. Throughout her academic career, PhD Dušanić-Gačić, S. has contributed significantly to the body of knowledge in her areas of expertise. Her research interests include entrepreneurial strategies, economic theory, and the practical applications of management principles in both micro and macroeconomic contexts. She has been involved in numerous research projects, collaborated with various academic institutions, and actively participated in international conferences. Dušanić-Gačić’s dedication to academic excellence is evident in her numerous publications and her active engagement in the academic community: Svetlana Dusanic-Gacic, PhD_ Biography with bibliographyPhD Mirjana Milovanović is an Assistant Professor in the study program of Management, Business, and Business Economics at Banja Luka College, where she has been teaching for 11 years. She is a seasoned professional with a robust background in both academia and industry. PhD Milovanović, M. has extensive experience as a Marketing Director, with a demonstrated history of working in the automotive aftermarket spare parts industry. Her industry expertise enriches her academic teachings, providing students with practical insights and real-world applications of marketing concepts. Her wide knowledge in these fields, coupled with her industry experience, makes her a valuable asset to the academic community at Banja Luka College. Mirjana Milovanovic, PhD_Biography with bibliographyPhD Zorana Agić is Associate Professor in the study program of Management, Business, and Business Economics at Banja Luka College, where she has been teaching for 12 years. She is known for her expertise in a variety of essential business and financial subjects, including: Financial Accounting, Business Finance, Investments, Banking, Business Analysis, Statistics. Her teaching approach integrates theoretical foundations with practical applications, ensuring that students gain a well-rounded understanding of each subject. In addition to her teaching responsibilities, Agić, Z. is actively involved in research and has contributed to various academic publications and conferences. Her research interests lie in the fields of financial analysis, investment strategies, and the role of banking in economic development. She continually updates her curriculum to reflect the latest industry trends and advancements, preparing her students to excel in the dynamic world of business and finance. Zorana Agic, PhD_Biography with biblography

The function of a journalist who should and must be a critic of society has been lost, which is why it is inevitable to see how much ethical principles are respected in journalism. Ethical standards are adopted by media houses and journalists’ associations through codes of conduct, and the extent to which the codes are respected depends on the journalists themselves, editors and media owners, as well as the environment in which they operate. Journalism is also a profession, based on ethical principles understood as the duty of journalists to serve the truth. Since journalism is not just a job, its essence also consists of what the public thinks about it. The subject of research in this paper is journalistic ethics in the Bosnian media. The analysis was done descriptively with statistics and samples were collected electronically. In BiH, politics has influenced and shaped the media to a much greater extent than the media has managed to shape politics. It is clear that the journalistic profession is in crisis and that journalists have lost the trust of citizens. We can state that it is necessary to improve the working conditions of journalists and their economic position, to ensure their freedom of speech and access to information, and in that way the work of journalists would be improved and the quality of reporting would be improved. The aim of the paper is to present the situation in the media when it comes to ethics and compare journalistic practice that has overcome the requirements of quality ethical journalism. The political reality of every society is full of contradictions based on the struggle for power and privileges. That is why the media are the ones who have to offer a scale of possible solutions, channeling attitudes, opinions and behaviors in the desired direction.Observing the role of the media in developed societies, we can state that their task is to be observers, analysts and controllers of socio-political events. The role of the media is to inform, analyze, investigate, warn, and educate viewers, citizens, and the government, i.e. politicians. We found that the media in BiH are very far from the above. The conclusion is self-evident, the media are influenced by politics and are not self-sustaining, that is, they are economically dependent.We can characterize the activities of journalists as passive processing of information taken out of context if it corresponds to the policy that governs a particular media. A condition for ethical journalism is free media, and we have seen that Bosnia and Herzegovina is not high on the scale of media freedom.

Lokalni radio je oduvije odražavao kako diše neka manja sredina. Lokalne zajednice su se utrkivale koja će imati bolje lokalne novine, radio stanicu, biltene,... a sve to u okviru informativnih centara. Lokalni radio je postao rasadnik kadrova za sve druge medije, škola novinarstva, trijaža ko je za posao ne samo radionovinara, a ko nije, ali centar svih događanja na lokalu i disperzor vijesti i zanimljivosti za druge medije u većim centrima.Cilj rada je prikazati kako su radio stanice postale generator događanja i predmet interesovanja. Dopisnici iz lokala su postali i sinonimi mjesta iz kojih izvještavaju i autoriteti kojima se vjeruje.

Nezaposlenost uz inflaciju jedan je od najvećih ekonomskih problema jer podrazumjeva izostatak proizvodnje i prihoda, povećava neravnopravnost u društvu, dovodi do visokih fiskalnih troškova te izaziva psihološko opterećenje nezaposlenog ostavljajući osjećaj beskorisnosti i bezizlaznosti. Nezaposlenost uz inflaciju jedan je od najvećih ekonomskih problema jer podrazumjeva izostatak proizvodnje i prihoda, povećava neravnopravnost u društvu, dovodi do visokih fiskalnih troškova te izaziva psihološko opterećenje nezaposlenog ostavljajući osjećaj beskorisnosti i bezizlaznosti. Autori su analizirali stanje (ne)zaposlenosti u Bosni i Hercegovini u desetogodišnjem periodu od 2011. do 2021 godine i poredili sa plasiranim podacima od 2004. godine. Podaci koji su korišćeni su podaci Agencije za statistiku BiH.

The research was made in order to identify specific banking determinants of non-performing loans in banking sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This problem came to the fore during and after global financial crisis, when the quality of loan portfolio dramatically increased. Much research of the problem of non-performing loans has already been made but they dealt with developed worlds countries. In BiH there is no a lot of research dealing with this issue. In order to resolve this problem (to create adequate measures for managing loan risks in commercial banks) it is necessary to identify the factors that affect appearance and growth of nonperforming loans in BiH. The authors presumed that five specific banking factors statistically influence the non-performing loans. The research included six determinants, ie one dependent and five independent determents. Dependent determinant shows the share of non-performing in total loans of banking sector in BiH, and independent determinants are: active credit rate, credit growth rate, capital adequacy ratio, return on equity and ratio of loan and deposit. We used quarterly data about the period from the first quarter of 2004 to the end of fourth quarter of 2019. The data was downloaded from Central bank od BiH. The research includes correlation and regression analysis which established determinants which statistically influence the non-performing loans and it was determined which part of variable can be explained with independent variables. The results of regression analysis show that only one specific banking determinant can be used to explain and predict the value of non-performing loans in banking sector in BiH. In other words, only the rate of credit growth is statistically significant and negative relation to non-performing loan. That means that increase of credit growth rate could infect the decrease of non-performing loans, which could positively influence the quality of credit portfolio. On the other hand, decrease of the credit growth rate could affect increase of non-performing loans which could make worse the quality of credit portfolio. The results of analysis showed active credit rate, capital adequacy ratio, return on equity and ratio of loan and deposit doesn`t statistically influence non-performing loans in this banking sector. We analyzed the trend of movement of total loan placement by commercial banks in BiH, as well as the trend of movement of non-performing loans. The results show that non-performing loans were mostly growing from 2004 to 2016, and to the end of the analyzed period they started to decrease. Even though non-performing loans started to decrease their share in total loans is still very high. That is why we must resolve this problem as soon as possible. It cannot be resolved by commercial bank because the process would last much too long. It is necessary to involve the state in resolving this problem. Also the activities of state instruments must be complementary with bank activities.

The largest number of companies in the Republic of Srpska falls into the category of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and most of them are organized in the form of limited liability companies, usually with the prescribed minimum share capital. The economic sector and its actors still face many difficulties and obstacles in their functioning. Unfavourable business environment is characterized by high operating costs caused by high taxes and contributions, a number of fiscal and parafiscal charges, various fees, bureaucracy, unfavorable loans, debt collection dispute, smuggling, illegal work, corruption... The aim of this paper is to analyze the effects of the reforms made in the field of business registration, such as the introduction of one-stop business registration system and the exemption from judicial and administrative fees during the first registration, as well as their impact on improving the overall business environment in the Republic of Srpska.