Mario J. Valladares-Garrido

Existing literature has not stablished the factors associated with sleep quality, which requires further research in the context of the mental health of future medical professionals. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors related to sleep quality in Latin American medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cross-sectional multicenter analytic study of secondary data analysis in Latin American medical students. The sampling was non-probabilistic snowball sampling. Sleep quality (Pittsburgh questionnaire) and its association with psychosocial-academic variables, depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 questionnaire), anxious symptoms (GAD-7 questionnaire), resilience (abbreviated CD-RISC questionnaire), eating disorder (EAT-26 questionnaire), physical activity (IPAQ questionnaire-short version), tobacco and alcohol consumption (ASSIST questionnaire) and burnout syndrome (Maslash questionnaire) were assessed. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Of 2019 medical students, the prevalence of poor sleep quality was 62.2% (95%CI: 60.00%-64.28%). In the multiple regression model, factors that were positively associated with poorer sleep quality were female sex (PR: 1.13), moderate risk of smoking (PR: 1.08), the presence of moderate to severe depressive symptoms (PR: 2.19 and PR: 2.14, respectively), as well as moderate and severe anxiety symptoms (PR: 1.21 and PR: 1.22, respectively). On the other hand, factors that were negatively associated with poorer sleep quality were having received training on COVID-19 (PR: 0.95), having a history of COVID-19 (PR: 0.80), and having a high level of resilience (PR: 0.86). It was found that 62.2% of students had poor sleep quality. Factors such as female sex, moderate risk of smoking, and depressive and anxious symptoms were associated with poor sleep quality, while COVID-19 training, history of the disease, and a high level of resilience were linked to better quality. These findings are key for public health, as poor sleep quality affects physical and mental health and academic performance, underscoring the importance of intervening on these factors to improve student well-being.

Introduction The pandemic of COVID-19 continues to impact people worldwide, with more than 755 million confirmed cases and more than 6.8 million reported deaths. Although two types of treatment, antiviral and immunomodulatory therapy, have been approved to date, vaccination has been the best method to control the spread of the disease. Objective To explore factors associated with the intention to be vaccinated with the COVID-19 booster dose in Peru. Material and Methods Cross-sectional study, using virtual and physical surveys of adults with two or more doses of COVID-19 vaccine, where the dependent variable was the intention to be vaccinated (IBV) with the booster dose. We calculated prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals, using generalized linear models of the Poisson family with robust varying, determining associations between sociodemographic, clinical, and booster dose perception variables. Results Data from 924 adults were analyzed. The IBV of the booster doses was 88.1%. A higher prevalence was associated with being male (aPR = 1.05; 95% CI [1.01–1.10]), having a good perception of efficacy and protective effect (PR = 3.69; 95% CI [2.57–5.30]) and belonging to the health sector (PR = 1.10; 95% CI [1.04–1.16]). There was greater acceptance of the recommendation of physicians and other health professionals (aPR = 1.40; 95% CI [1.27–1.55]). Conclusions Factors associated with higher IBV with booster dose include male gender, health sciences, physician recommendation, and good perception of efficacy.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected mental health, with children and adolescents being particularly vulnerable. Evidence on the association between childhood trauma and mental health outcomes in schoolchildren during the pandemic is limited. This study aimed to evaluate this relationship in Chiclayo city, northern Peru, during the second wave of COVID-19.Methods: A cross-sectional secondary data study was conducted, measuring childhood trauma using the Marshall’s Trauma Scale, depressive symptomatology (PHQ-9), and anxiety symptomatology (GAD-7). Additional variables assessed were alcohol use (AUDIT), resilience (abbreviated CD-RISC), and socio-educational data. Prevalence ratios were estimated using generalized linear models.Results: Among 456 participants, 88.2% were female, with a mean age of 14.5 years (SD: 1.33). Depressive symptomatology prevalence was 76.3% (95%CI: 72.14–80.15) and increased by 23% in schoolchildren with childhood trauma (PR: 1.23; 95%CI: 1.10–1.37). Factors positively associated with depressive symptomatology included increasing age, seeking mental health help during the pandemic, and severe family dysfunction. Anxiety symptomatology prevalence was 62.3% (95%CI: 57.65–66.75) and increased by 55% in schoolchildren with childhood trauma (PR: 1.55; 95%CI: 1.31–1.85). Anxiety symptomatology was positively associated with mild, moderate, and severe family dysfunction.Conclusion: Schoolchildren exposed to childhood trauma are at increased risk for depressive and anxiety symptoms. Monitoring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent mental health is vital. These findings can assist schools in establishing effective measures to prevent mental health outcomes.