Rubén Aguirre-Ipenza

Aim: To assess the association between periodontal disease (PD) and prostate cancer (PC) through an umbrella review. Material and methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, SciELO, Google Scholar, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses were searched for relevant literature published up to February 2026. Eligible studies were systematic reviews, with or without meta-analyses, evaluating the association between PD and PC in adult men over 18 years of age. Narrative reviews, rapid reviews, clinical trials, observational or experimental studies, case reports, editorials, letters, protocols, and posters were not eligible. Methodological quality was evaluated with AMSTAR-2, whereas risk of bias was assessed using ROBIS. Results: From an initial retrieval of 173 records, 10 systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria. Of these, five systematic reviews were rated as having high methodological confidence and low risk of bias. These reviews reported an association between periodontal disease and prostate cancer across different geographic regions and study characteristics. Conclusion: The findings suggest an association between periodontal disease and prostate cancer; however, the observational design of the included evidence precludes definitive causal inference. Considering that periodontal disease is preventable and treatable, its timely management may represent a relevant strategy to enhance systemic health and potentially reduce the burden of chronic diseases. Protocol registration: Open Science Framework, https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/65W9S .

Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) has emerged as a significant behavioral concern among youth, yet global prevalence estimates remain inconsistent due to meth

Maxillary transverse deficiency is a common issue in orthodontic clinics and presents a treatment challenge in adults due to increased resistance to midpalatal suture separation. Miniscrew‐assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) has become an effective alternative by providing skeletal anchorage and minimizing side effects on teeth; however, little has been reported about its impact on underlying facial soft tissues. This case report follows the CARE guidelines for case reports and describes the clinical management of a young adult with maxillary transverse deformity treated with MARPE and corticopuncture, planned using tomography. The activation was performed gradually, under clinical and tomographic monitoring. The tomography showed transverse improvement with a parallel opening of the midpalatal suture of about 5 mm and no signs of adverse effects on adjacent teeth. Additionally, a 3D facial reconstruction revealed slight facial changes at the frontal level that were not clinically significant. It is concluded that MARPE expansion therapy was an effective and safe alternative for treating maxillary transverse deficiency in the adult patient in this case, with minimal impact on dental and facial structures.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promise in preclinical models for enhancing bone regeneration around dental implants. However, clinical evidence regarding their efficacy in maxillary sinus augmentation procedures for dental implants remains inconclusive. Objective: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of MSC‐based regenerative therapies compared to conventional grafting in maxillary sinus augmentation for implant placement. Methods: A systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023488758). Electronic and gray literature searches were performed across six databases. Eligible studies included randomized clinical trials evaluating MSC‐based bone regeneration in maxillary sinus lifts. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool, and certainty of evidence was rated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Meta‐analyses were performed for implant success rate and bone formation outcomes. Results: Six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included, comprising 74 patients and 222 implants. Meta‐analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in implant success rate between MSC and control groups (risk ratio [RR] = 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94–1.03; p = 0.50; I ² = 11.69%). For bone neoformation, continuous data favored the control group (standardized mean difference [SMD] = –0.83; 95% CI: –1.37 to –0.30; p = 0.002; I ² = 0%; indicating a medium to large effect size that represents a clinically perceptible advantage in bone formation for the control interventions), while dichotomous outcomes showed no significant difference (RR = 1.11; 95% CI: 0.73–1.67; p = 0.62). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of findings. The certainty of evidence was rated as high for bone formation outcomes and moderate for implant success. Conclusions: MSC‐based regenerative therapies do not appear to offer a significant clinical advantage over conventional grafting techniques in maxillary sinus augmentation. These results should be interpreted with caution, given the limited number of trials and clinical heterogeneity. Further well‐designed studies are needed to validate their efficacy in implant‐related bone regeneration.

ESports and recreational video gaming are expanding in Peru, yet evidence on gamers’ dietary habits and correlates is scarce. We aimed to identify factors associated with eating habits among Peruvian video gamers and professional eSports players. Quantitative and cross-sectional study (Peru, 2023). A culturally adapted version of the German Sport University Cologne questionnaire (28 items; Cronbach’s α = 0.86) was administered online using non-probability snowball sampling. The primary outcome was eating-habit classification (adequate vs. inadequate) based on the instrument’s scoring. Associations with hypothesized correlates (e.g., gaming-related influences, peer interaction, advertising) were assessed with χ² or Fisher’s exact test (α = 0.05). We analyzed 288 respondents (median age 21 years). Overall, 77.8% exhibited inadequate eating habits. Daily water intake was reported by 72%, whereas daily fruit and vegetable consumption was 21% and 32%, respectively. Peer interaction within the gaming environment (p = 0.037) and the perceived influence of video games (p = 0.031) were significantly associated with poorer eating habits. Sitting time, number of meals per day, daily water intake volume, and weekly gaming hours showed no significant association (all p > 0.05). Most Peruvian gamers report suboptimal diets. Social dynamics in the gamer community and gaming-related influences are linked to poorer eating habits, suggesting that nutrition strategies should be embedded in gamer ecosystems (teams, communities, platforms). Longitudinal and interventional studies are warranted to test targeted behavior-change approaches.

Objective: To evaluate the evidence regarding the association between antiretroviral therapy and dental caries in children and adolescents with HIV. Methods: Searches were conducted in five international databases (PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and LILACS) from the inception of records up to October 2024, including studies that examine the impact of antiretroviral therapy on caries in individuals under 18 years of age. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Quantitative synthesis was performed using the inverse variance method or Mantel–Haenszel method, depending on the type of outcome analyzed. Measures of association included odds ratios and mean differences, employing a random-effects model with a 95% confidence interval. Results: A total of 585 studies were identified, of which 17 were selected for qualitative review and 15 were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed a significantly higher risk of dental caries in children and adolescents with HIV undergoing antiretroviral therapy compared to those without the virus (odds ratio of 2.11; 95% CI: 1.41–3.17). Subgroup analysis showed a stronger association in case–control studies and for the DMFT index. The certainty of the evidence according to GRADE was rated as very low. Conclusion: Despite limited certainty, the results suggest that HIV under antiretroviral therapy is associated with a higher risk of dental caries. It is prudent to interpret these results with caution, considering the methodological limitations of the studies. However, given the possible relevance of this association for public health, it is recommended to consider specific dental care protocols for children and adolescents with HIV, as well as the need for preventive strategies integrated into HIV management.

Background: Periodontal disease (PD) is an infectious and inflammatory condition that affects the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. It has been suggested that PD may be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Our study aimed to investigate the association between PD and CVD through an umbrella review. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted until April 2024 across various electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, SciELO, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, and OpenGrey. Systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis were considered for inclusion, without any limitations on time or language, provided they examined primary studies linking PD with CVD. The AMSTAR-2 tool was employed to assess the quality and overall confidence of the included studies. Results: After the initial search, a total of 516 articles were identified. Following the application of selection criteria, 41 articles remained for further consideration. All these studies indicated an association between PD and CVD, with odds ratios and risk ratios ranging from 1.22 to 4.42 and 1.14 to 2.88, respectively. Conclusions: Systematic reviews with high overall confidence support the association between PD, tooth loss, and cardiovascular diseases. However, it is crucial to interpret these results with caution due to methodological limitations. The potential public health relevance justifies preventive and corrective oral health strategies. Additionally, the need for rigorous future research is highlighted to strengthen the evidence and guide effective public health strategies.

Background: The aim of this review was to evaluate the effects of periodontal disease (PD) treatment in pregnant women to reduce the risk of preterm birth (PB) and low birth weight (LBW) by conducting an umbrella review. Methods: A comprehensive search for the literature up to April 2024 was conducted across multiple databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, EMBASE, Scielo, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Proquest Dissertations and Theses, and OpenGrey. We specifically targeted systematic reviews (SRs) with or without meta-analyses, irrespective of language or time constraints, focusing on primary studies examining the effect of PD treatment in pregnant women to reduce the risk of PB and LBW. Various types of non-systematic reviews, intervention studies, observational studies, preclinical and basic research, summaries, comments, case reports, protocols, personal opinions, letters, and posters were excluded from consideration. The quality and overall confidence of the included studies were assessed using the AMSTAR–2 tool. Results: After the initial search, 232 articles were identified, of which only 24 met the selection criteria after exclusion. The majority of these studies indicated that periodontal treatment reduces the risk of PB and LBW. Conclusions: According to the findings and conclusions drawn from the SRs with a high overall confidence level, PD treatment in pregnant women reduces the risk of PB and LBW.

Background: To compare the clinical effectiveness of ion-releasing restorations (IRR) vs. composite resin (CR) in dental restorations. Methods: A systematic search was carried out from articles published until January 2024, in the biomedical databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scielo, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Randomized clinical trials were included, with a follow-up time greater than or equal to 1 year, without time and language limits and which reported the clinical effect of IRR compared to CR in dental restorations. The RoB 2.0 tool was used to assess the risk of bias of the included studies and the GRADEPro GDT tool was used to assess the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendation of the results. Results: The search yielded a total of 1109 articles. After excluding those that did not meet the selection criteria, 29 articles remained for the quantitative synthesis. The analysis found no statistically significant difference when comparing the dental restorations with IRRs or CRs. Conclusion: The literature reviewed suggests that there are no differences between the IRRs and CRs in dental restorations.

Objective: Determine the association between periodontal disease (PD) and obesity through an umbrella review. Materials and Methods: A search for information until March 2024 was carried out in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane library, Scopus, SciELO, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Proquest Dissertations and Theses, and OpenGrey. We included studies that were systematic reviews (SR) with or without meta-analysis, without time or language restrictions, that evaluated primary studies that associated PD with obesity. Literary or narrative reviews, rapid reviews, intervention studies, observational studies, preclinical and basic research, summaries, comments, case reports, protocols, personal opinions, letters, and posters were excluded. The AMSTAR-2 tool was used to determine the quality and overall confidence of the included studies. Results: The preliminary search yielded a total of 419 articles, discarding those that did not meet the selection criteria, leaving only 14 articles. All studies reported that PD was associated with obesity, with an OR and RR ranging from 1.1 to 1.46 and 1.64 to 2.21, respectively. Conclusions: Based on the results and conclusions of the SR with a high overall confidence level, PD is associated with obesity.