Dzhyldyz Ibraimova

Background/Objectives: Nurses and nursing students are central to HIV prevention and care, but studies of their general HIV-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices use heterogeneous populations, instruments, scoring systems, and thresholds. This review had three objectives: (1) to meta-analyze, separately, the prevalence of study-defined high/good general HIV knowledge, mean general knowledge scores, prevalence of study-defined positive/favorable general attitudes, and mean favorable-attitude scores; (2) to synthesize HIV-related clinical-practice findings narratively when measures were not comparable; and (3) to explore whether pooled knowledge and attitude estimates differed between practicing nurses and nursing students. General outcomes excluded narrowly focused PrEP-, PEP-, stigma-only, and item-level constructs. Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, PsycINFO, and CINAHL Complete were searched for eligible quantitative studies. Four knowledge and attitude outcomes were meta-analyzed in separate random-effects models; practice outcomes were not pooled. Heterogeneity, 95% prediction intervals, leave-one-out influence, possible small-study effects, subgroup differences, and certainty of evidence were assessed. Results: Thirty-four studies were included. The pooled prevalence of high/good HIV-related knowledge was 52.4% (95% CI 30.4–73.5%; I² = 97.5%; 95% prediction interval 3.6–97.0%), and the pooled mean knowledge score was 66.3% of the possible score (95% CI 60.8–71.8%; I² = 99.8%; prediction interval 40.0–92.5%). Positive/favorable attitudes had a pooled prevalence of 41.6% (95% CI 7.3–86.5%; I² = 99.1%; prediction interval 0.0–99.9%), and the pooled mean favorable-attitude score was 48.1% of the possible range (95% CI 41.9–54.2%; I² = 99.7%; prediction interval 21.3–74.8%). Thus, all four meta-analyses showed extreme heterogeneity and wide prediction intervals. Prespecified subgroup tests did not detect nurse-versus-student differences for either knowledge outcome or favorable-attitude prevalence; a higher pooled mean favorable-attitude score among students was observed in one exploratory comparison. Four studies reported non-equivalent practice indicators (16.0–85.3%), which were not pooled. Certainty was very low for all meta-analyzed outcomes. Conclusions: The pooled estimates should be interpreted as descriptive summaries across heterogeneous operationalizations rather than as precise global nursing-workforce benchmarks or common competency thresholds. More standardized measurement, objective assessment of clinical practice, and longitudinal and interventional research are needed.

The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the structure of hospitalizations and outcomes of inpatient care. A national analysis of in-hospital mortality makes it possible to assess the scale of COVID-19 impact and compare it with other viral infections. To compare in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 (U07.1/U07.2) and other viral infections (B34) in the Kyrgyz Republic in 2019–2023. Materials and methods. A retrospective study was conducted based on hospital data of the Kyrgyz Republic for 2019–2023. The following groups were analyzed: COVID-19 (U07.1/U07.2) and B34. In-hospital mortality rates, relative risk (RR) of death, and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. In 2020–2023, in-hospital mortality for COVID-19 was: 2020 — 4.36% (36,629; 1,596), 2021 — 4.44% (26,307; 1,168), 2022 — 5.92% (6,186; 366), 2023 — 1.57% (254; 4). In the B34 group, mortality was significantly lower: 2019 — 0.13% (6,348; 8), 2020 — 0.25% (2,034; 5), 2021 — 0.13% (3,850; 5), 2022 — 0.10% (9,111; 9), 2023 — 0.12% (13,190; 16). The risk of death in COVID-19 was significantly higher compared to B34: RR 2020 — 17.73 (95% CI 7.38–42.60), 2021 — 34.19 (14.21–82.24), 2022 — 59.90 (30.94–115.95), 2023 — 12.98 (4.37–38.56). At the national level, COVID-19 was associated with a multiple increase in in-hospital mortality compared to other viral infections, with peak values observed in 2022. The findings can be used for hospital preparedness planning and monitoring of severe infectious conditions.

Background. Globalization and science digitalization make academic mobility an important mechanism for developing the professional and research potential of young scientists. N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health (Moscow) and Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University (Bishkek) realized Visiting Professor Program, one of the most effective forms of academic mobility. This program unites foreign and national experts and involves them in education by delivering lectures, conducting master classes, guiding research projects and providing mentoring support. Such projects enhance educational programs, facilitate research communication and contribute to academic sustainability formation. Purpose of the study is to emphasize the role of the summer school, part of Visiting Professor Program, in research identity and professional growth of young medical scientists via “Start in Science” Project. Materials and methods. The study used a mixed methodological approach, including content analysis, systematization and generalization of scientific publications reflecting various aspects of academic mobility; direct observation, semi-formalized participants’ interviews on the program’s quality, effectiveness, content and relevance. Results. The short-term academic mobility program “Start in Science” is an effective project that significantly increased the participants’ research and professional level, they improved academic communication skills, presented work results, got acquainted with research tools and AI capabilities in academia. The multi-format structure and inter-level interaction between students, graduate students and lecturers created a productive educational environment and an academic community focused on long-term cooperation and healthcare personnel development.

High death rates due to road accidents are characteristic of most countries of the world and the problem is global. The United Nations General Assembly has adopted an ambitious goal to halve the number of road traffic fatalities and injuries worldwide by 2030. In the Kyrgyz Republic, the number of traffic accidents increased from 5868 in 2016 to 7041 cases in 2022. In the dynamics of road accidents in the regions of the republic, an increase trend in 2019-2020 was revealed, which was replaced by a decrease in 2022, with the exception of the city of Bishkek with a sharp increase of +70.2%. Regions with a high frequency of road accidents were Chui, Issyk-Kul regions and the cities of Bishkek and Osh. Starting from 2018, 2019 and 2021, with road accidents due to the fault of the driver, injuries to children increased, especially in 2021 in all regions of the republic. In 2022, injuries decreased, only in the Batken, Naryn and Chui regions there was an increase. By region, Batken, Talas, Jalal-Abad and Issyk-Kul regions prevail. The highest rates of increase in mortality of children in road accidents due to the fault of the driver were observed in 2019-2022. Regions with a high mortality rate of children in traffic accidents due to the fault of the driver include the Chui, Talas, Naryn and Issyk-Kul regions. It is necessary in road safety policy to ensure a holistic (systemic) approach to solving the problem of reducing road traffic injuries and mortality.