Ilya Serbin

This paper considers microclimate to be one of the main contributors to thermal comfort in educational buildings. The influence of microclimate on well-being and productivity is considered. The role of microclimatic parameters is assessed from the perspective of building design, focusing on approaches to regulating these parameters. We also describe the formation of microclimate and the factors directly affecting it. The state of the microclimate of classrooms of an educational institution was analyzed, providing estimates of people’s real thermal sensations. The microclimate was assessed by the Fanger method. The PMV and PPD comfort indices were calculated for this purpose. The calculations were carried out thrice, i.e., based on the data obtained by using measuring equipment, based on the data from the survey and based on a SolidWorks model. Calculations in the program were carried out to validate the measured values and visualize the process of the distribution and localization of comfort indices. The results confirm that the indoor microclimate was generally favorable, and the PMV values obtained from the survey of people’s real sensations of thermal comfort were higher than the calculated PMV values. It was established that the PMV and PPD values corresponding to the largest deviations from the norm were as follows: −0.74/17% (PMV/PPD) for the calculation based on the real values of microclimatic parameters and 0.70/15.3% (PMV/PPD) for the calculation based on people’s thermal sensations. For applying the Fanger method for thermal comfort analysis in an educational institution in St. Petersburg, we upgraded the procedure, introducing a questionnaire survey. The mean PMV values calculated by the Fanger method were 0.16 lower than the PMV values obtained by the survey.

The article presents the development of conceptual models of buildings constructed with using Building Information Modeling software complexes. It describes the advantages and disadvantages of modern additive technologies. Features of their using are specified. Examples of their integration in modern construction are shown. Construction areas for which building models were developed were selected. The main ways of development of construction in the selected areas of activity are indicated. An analysis of current trends in the field of architecture is presented, and a forecast of future architectural trends for the coming decades based on the results provided by 3D Fast Build technology is made. The functional features of the buildings construction of the designated time period are taken into account. They were theoretically integrated into selected objects related to various construction areas, with their further design and modeling in the Autodesk Revit program, taking into account all identified trends and expected functionality.