Jichong Zhu

This study aims to develop a multi-label classification model based on pelvic X-rays for the diagnosis and assessment of Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), addressing the challenges of limited expert resources in underdeveloped regions. We propose a deep learning-based multi-label classification model incorporating a prior attention mechanism. This model utilizes predefined bounding boxes to accurately locate key areas, such as the bilateral sacroiliac joints and hip joint, allowing the model to focus on relevant regions during inference. The performance of the model was validated on a multi-center external test set. Experimental results demonstrate that the model achieves significant improvements in diagnostic performance and in the assessment performance of the sacroiliac joints and hip joints. The optimal model’s diagnostic performance achieved an accuracy of 0.875 on a multi-center external test set, surpassing doctors with less experience (0.798) and performing comparably to more experienced human experts (0.880). The accuracy for the assessment of left and right sacroiliac joints and left and right hip joints reached 0.964, 0.970, 0.827, and 0.863, respectively. The proposed multi-label classification model with a prior attention mechanism offers a promising, cost-effective tool for AS diagnosis and assessment, especially in resource-limited settings.

Objectives Several observational studies suggest that gut microbiota (GM) may influence the onset and progression of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) through modulating host immune responses. However, the potential genetic associations between GM and AS susceptibility, as well as the immune-mediated mechanisms, remain to be elucidated. Method This study initially infers the causal associations among GM, immune cell traits (ICTs), and AS using univariate two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR), and then evaluates the mediating role of ICTs in the genetic association between GM and AS through mediation MR analysis. Meanwhile, single-cell RNA sequencing is conducted on vertebral bone marrow blood samples obtained from three AS patients and three controls to characterize the differentiation status and functional alterations of relevant immune cell subsets, thereby validating their contribution to the pathogenesis of AS. Result Mediation MR analysis revealed that “HLA-DR on CD14- CD16 + monocytes” acts as a protective factor for AS, attenuating the causal effect of Genus Sutterella/Sutterella Wadsworthensis on disease susceptibility. Single-cell analysis revealed distinct differences in cellular composition and transcriptional profiles between AS and the controls. Notably, monocyte subset analysis indicated a significant reduction in CD14- CD16 + monocytes in AS, concomitant with the relatively high expression of cellular activation markers. Conclusion The study indicates that CD14- CD16 + monocytes are potential protective factors for AS and exert a negative mediating effect on the causal associations between GM and AS. Boosting non-classical monocytes or modulating Sutterella abundance could help prevent or treat AS. Key Points • Novel approach integrating mediation MR and scRNA-seq offers distinct analytical strengths. • New insights into the gut-immune axis reveal its role in immune dysregulation in AS. • Mediation MR and single-cell analysis reveals CD14- CD16 + monocytes as protective factors in AS. • HLA-DR on CD14- CD16 + monocytes mitigate the genetic effect of Sutterella on AS susceptibility.

Introduction: To explore the epidemiological characteristics of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in Guangxi province of China through a large sample survey of more than 50 million aborigines population . Material and methods: A systematic search was conducted using the International...