Hala Hassan Mohamed

Background: Diclofenac sodium (DS), is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is commonly prescribed for the treatment of inflammation, pain, and fever. Chronic administration can cause renal, hepatic, and reproductive damage. The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the potential protective role of omega-3 fatty acids on testicular toxicity triggered by DS in adult albino rats.Materials &Methods: 32 mature male albino rats having an average weight between 180- 200 g were included in our study. They were allocated equally into four groups (N= 8 for each): Control group (Gp I), Gp II each rat received 10 mg/ kg of DS daily via oral gavage for 2 weeks, Gp III rats received 20 mg/ kg of Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FA) orally for 2 weeks and Gp IV rats were given Diclofenac sodium with co-administration of ω- 3 FA orally daily in the same mentioned doses for 2 weeks. On day 15, blood samples were withdrawn to assess total testosterone levels. Sperm parameters were evaluated. Testicular specimens were subjected to biochemical analysis of oxidative stress markers: Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, reduced glutathione and Catalase activity. Specimens were histologically evaluated using Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), PCNA immunohistochemical stains and Periodic acid Schiff reaction (PAS) stain.Results: Following DS treatment, the standard histological architecture of the testes was disrupted, resulting in a substantial drop in mean testosterone values and sperm parameters. Whilst rats in Gp IV revealed nearly restoration of the normal histological structure, with a significant improvement in sperm and biochemical parameters. Conclusion: Co-administration of ω-3 FA and diclofenac protects the testicular architecture from tissue damage resulting from chronic use of DS a lone in rats.

-Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide health problem with rising morbidity & mortality. So, this model was performed to compare the possible effect of adipose tissue-derived stem cells against platelet-rich plasma on CKD induced by Adriamycin in adult male albino rats. Materials & Methods: 46 adult male albino rats were classified into a donor group (n= 2) and 4 experimental groups (n= 44): Group I (Control group), Group II: rats received once i.v injection of Adriamycin (ADR) 6mg/kg. This group was subdivided into two subgroups including IIa where rats were sacrificed after one week and subgroup IIb where rats were sacrificed after seven weeks. Group III: rats received ADR then after one week, injected once i.v. by Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) 2x106 and Group IV: rats received ADR then after one week, injected with Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) 1ml/kg via i.p twice a week for six successive weeks. Blood samples were withdrawn to measure blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels in serum. Specimens were stained by Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), Masson’s trichrome, Periodic acid Schiff reaction (PAS) stains, and caspase 3& desmin immunohistochemical stains. A fluorescent microscopic study to detect the PKH-26 labeled Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells was also done. Results: The results revealed degenerative features of renal specimens in subgroup IIa with declined kidney functions. These changes were aggravated in subgroup IIb, manifested by marked deposition of collagen fibers, total loss in brush border of many tubules with severe positive immunoreactivity for caspase-3 & desmin within the renal corpuscle. These results were further confirmed by statistical and morphometric analysis.Conclusions: MSCs and PRP could attenuate Adriamycin-induced CKD and restore normal renal structure and functions. PRP was more effective in reducing damage and promoting the healing of renal tissues.Keywords: CKD, Adriamycin, MSCs, PRP, BUN.