Qundan Lv

Background Lily (Lilium brownii), a perennial bulbous herbaceous plant in the Lilium genus of the Liliaceae family, is esteemed in traditional Chinese medicine and utilized as a functional food due to the high nutritional content of its bulbs. However, the cultivation of lilies is severely constrained by viral infections, which can cause substantial yield losses and markedly compromise both commercial production and medicinal value. Virus disease has become a significant threat to lily production worldwide and has occurred in several provinces of China. Methods and results In this study, a new isolate of apple stem grooving virus (ASGV-LS) (Capillovirus mali) from L. brownii in Lishui City, Zhejiang province, China was first identified using the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique combined with reverse transcription PCR and 3′/5′-rapid amplification of cDNA ends methods. ASGV-LS possessed a positive-sense RNA genome with a full-length sequence of 6469 nucleotides (nt), including a 27-nt poly(A) tail and two overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). ORF1 encoded a 241.0-kDa polyprotein, whereas ORF2 encoded a 36.1-kDa movement protein. Sequence analysis revealed that ASGV-LS had the highest nucleotide sequence identity of 94.5% with ASGV-HZ (GenBank: MW259059) isolated from Gynura japonica. Further phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome sequences indicated that ASGV-LS clusters into a subclade with ASGV-HZ, ASGV-PG (GenBank: MK427058), ASGV-ZG2 (GenBank: MN495979), and ASGV-KFP (GenBank: KR106996), which belong to the genus Capillovirus. Conclusion These findings establish ASGV-LS is a new isolate of the ASGV species of the genus Capillovirus in the family Betaflexiviridae. To our knowledge, this is the first report of L. brownii being infected by ASGV in China.

Hormonomics represents an innovative approach to plant physiology and biochemistry. We utilized hormonomics to analyze the hormone profiles of three lily bulbs. The hormones specifically enriched in BiFeng7 lily show a strong response to secondary metabolism pathways, while the Diwanghuang lily profile was predominantly focused on growth. Physiological experiments demonstrated that Diwanghuang exhibited higher levels of primary nutrients, whereas BiFeng7 displayed a greater concentration of secondary metabolites and enhanced antioxidant capacity. Through untargeted metabolomic analysis, it was revealed that BiFeng7 highly enriched four flavonoid glycosides, two flavones, one flavan, one pyranoflavonoid, two isoflavonoid O-glycosides and one rotenoid. These findings provide valuable information for developing breeding strategies and cultivation practices aimed at achieving ornamental quality, nutritional value, or stress resilience outcomes. This research demonstrates the practical application of hormone profiling in plant evaluation and offers insights into the mechanisms underlying flavonoid synthesis in lilies, serving as a reference for breeding stress-resistant lily varieties.