Pauline Beaumel

Background: Conventional radiography faces high error rates (3–10%) due to heavy clinical workloads. While AI has emerged as a supportive tool, there is an evidence gap regarding the clinical utility of integrated AI systems in detecting both skeletal and thoracic abnormalities. Objectives: This large-scale, international multicenter study aims to validate the performance of a unified radiographic AI suite across an expanded diagnostic scope while confirming its continued robustness. Methods: A retrospective performance evaluation was conducted using 21,581 adult and pediatric X-rays collected from 20 countries. The reference standard was established through independent review by two expert readers, with adjudication of a third radiologist in cases of discordance. Diagnostic metrics, including Area Under the Curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity, were calculated for all 18 pathologies. Subgroup analysis was performed by patients’ age, sex, and country of acquisition. Results: For the nine findings within the expanded scope, AUC values exceeded 96.1%, with sensitivity and specificity ranges from 94.5 to 98.8% and 86.6 to 96.1%, respectively. Similarly, for the nine historically validated findings, AUCs remained above 96.1%, with sensitivity and specificity localized between 94.5 and 97.8% and 84.6 and 89.4%, respectively. Consistency was maintained across subgroups. Conclusions: The results confirm the potential of deep learning to transition from narrow, task-specific tools to a unified, high-performance diagnostic system.

The purpose of the study was to assess the performance of readers in diagnosing thoracic anomalies on standard chest radiographs (CXRs) with and without a deep-learning-based AI tool (Rayvolve) and to evaluate the standalone performance of Rayvolve in detecting thoracic pathologies on CXRs. This retrospective multicentric study was conducted in two phases. In phase 1, nine readers independently reviewed 900 CXRs from imaging group A and identified thoracic abnormalities with and without AI assistance. A consensus from three radiologists served as the ground truth. In phase 2, the standalone performance of Rayvolve was evaluated on 1500 CXRs from imaging group B. The average values of AUC across the readers significantly increased by 15.94%, with AI-assisted reading compared to unaided reading (0.88 ± 0.01 vs. 0.759 ± 0.07, p < 0.001). The time taken to read the CXRs decreased significantly, by 35.81% with AI assistance. The average values of sensitivity and specificity across the readers increased significantly by 11.44% and 2.95% with AI-assisted reading compared to unaided reading (0.857 ± 0.02 vs. 0.769 ± 0.02 and 0.974 ± 0.01 vs. 0.946 ± 0.01, p < 0.001). From the standalone perspective, the AI model achieved an average sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 0.964, 0.844, 0.757, and 0.9798. The speed and performance of the readers improved significantly with AI assistance.