Andreza Maciel de Sousa

Poultry production faces increasing challenges that directly affect animal welfare, productivity, and the sustainability of production systems. This review aimed to map the international scientific literature on housing systems for broilers and laying hens from 2014 to 2024, identifying research trends, knowledge gaps, and the main topics investigated in recent years. A total of 141 articles indexed in the Scopus and Web of Science databases were analyzed using the bibliometrix package in RStudio version 2026.08.2+200. The results revealed a significant increase in the number of publications from 2020 onward, with the United States, Brazil, and Germany emerging as the leading contributing countries. Research focused on topics such as heat stress, animal welfare, environmental control, building materials, and biosecurity. The analysis of scientific collaboration networks revealed a predominance of international publications and limited international collaboration, particularly in Brazil. Overall, the findings highlight the growing need for interdisciplinary and technology-oriented research aimed at increasing poultry productivity, thereby promoting sustainability, animal welfare, and production efficiency.

Population growth intensifies the production of waste from agricultural and industrial sources, among others, directly impacting soil and water resources. The use of techniques involving magnetic field applications has been investigated as a potential approach to improve soil–water interactions, although its effects are still not fully understood. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of applying magnetically treated water on the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil and the displacement of K ⁺ and Na ⁺ . Exploratory laboratory tests were conducted using percolation columns filled with saturated Latosol (Oxisol) soil. The methodology consisted of assembling percolation columns filled with saturated Latosol, washed with distilled water, and subjected to the application of saline solution with and without magnetic treatment. The magnetic treatment was performed by circulating the solution for 6 h in a 437 mT field. The solutions were applied under constant load to evaluate hydraulic conductivity and ion displacement. Effluent samples were collected and analyzed for K ⁺ , Na ⁺ , electrical conductivity, and pH. The results indicated a tendency toward increased leaching of potassium (K ⁺ ) and sodium (Na ⁺ ) ions in the columns receiving magnetically treated water. The elevation of K ⁺ increased from approximately 1.8 pore volumes under the influence of the magnetic field. These results should be considered preliminary, as they derive from exploratory experimental trials. Despite the observed trends, the mechanisms of magnetic treatment are still not well understood, and further studies are required before practical agricultural applications can be recommended.

The buttonweed (Spermacoce sp.) management is currently one of the main soybean yield gaps in Brazil. As it is a glyphosate-tolerant weed the adoption of early control practices are very important. Given this, the objective this study was to evaluate the performance of pre-emergent and post-emergent herbicides, alone or mixed, on the early button[eed control in a soybean field. The experiment was conducted in a commercial soybean farm, located in Mata Roma, Maranhão, Brazil. The area was selected due to its history of successive glyphosate use and reports of broomweed selection for at least 10 years. The experiment was designed in randomized blocks with 10 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatments consisted of the control (without herbicide), glyphosate, glyphosate + glufosinate, glyphosate + flumioxazine + pyroxasulfone, glyphosate + flumioxazine + imazethapyr, glufosinate + flumioxazine + pyroxasulfone, glufosinate + flumioxazine + imazethapyr, flumioxazine + pyroxasulfone, and flumioxazine + imazethapyr. We evaluated the buttonweed control, and phytotoxicity, density, plant height, NDVI index, total chlorophyll index, and soybean yield. We found buttonweed glyphosate-tolerant populations to the 1,500 (1st application) + 1,620 g a.e. ha⁻¹ (2nd application) applications, resulting in 59% yield losses. The combinations of glyphosate with glufosinate and flumioxazine increased the buttonweed control compared glyphosate alone. The application of flumioxazin (50 to 60 g a.i. ha⁻¹) in mixture with glufosinate (500 g a.i.) is effective for buttonweed control in soybean pre-planting, preserving a range control greater than 80% and a safety soybean yield.

The goosegrass (Eleusine indica) management represents a significant yield constraint for soybean, particularly in the Matopiba region, where are scarce studies addressing alternatives to glyphosate, such as quizalofop-p-ethyl. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the control and selectivity of quizalofop-p-ethyl doses on goosegrass, applied alone and combined to glyphosate in the soybean post-emergence. The study was conducted in Mata Roma, Maranhão, Brazil, from January to April 2024, using a randomized block design in factorial arrangement 5×2, and four replications. The first factor consisted in quizalofop-p-ethyl doses (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 g a.i. ha⁻¹), while the second factor included the absence and presence of glyphosate (864 g e.a. ha⁻¹). The spraying was carried out at the V5 stage of soybean. We evaluated to goosegrass control, as well as soybean population, height, total chlorophyll index, vegetation index (NDVI), and soybean yield. The results of this study support the hypothesis of the existence of glyphosate-resistant goosegrass (EPSPS-inhibiting herbicide), with estimated soybean yield losses of up to 48%. The use of the herbicide quizalofop-p-ethyl demonstrated high selectivity for soybean, causing no phytotoxicity symptoms across different doses and combinations. The use of 50 to 75 g a.i. ha⁻¹ of quizalofop-p-ethyl, applied alone or in combination with glyphosate (864 g e.a. ha⁻¹), is recommended as a safe option for post-emergence chemical control of goosegrass. Keywords: Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Glycinemax (L.) Merril. Glyphosate. Herbicide Resistance. Selectivity. Resumo O controle de capim-pé-de-galinha (Eleusine indica) é uma relevante lacuna de produtividade da soja, em virtude da ótima adaptação às condições edafoclimáticas brasileiras e do histórico de resistência a herbicidas, como o glifosato. Porém, são escassos estudos que abordam o uso de quizalofop-p-etil para o controle desta espécie em solos arenosos, na fronteira agrícola do Matopiba. Objetivou-se avaliar o controle e seletividade de doses crescentes de quizalofop-p-etil, isolado e combinado com glifosato, sobre o capim pé-de-galinha, em pós-emergência da soja. O estudo foi realizado numa lavoura comercial, situada em Mata Roma, Maranhão, Brasil, entre os meses de janeiro e abril de 2024. O experimento foi delineado em blocos casualizados, sob arranjo fatorial 5x2 e quatro repetições. O primeiro fator consistiu em doses de quizalofop-p-etil (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100 g i.a. ha-1), ao passo que o segundo, abrangeu a ausência e presença de glifosato (864 g e.a. ha-1), ambos aplicados no estádio V4 da soja. Avaliaram-se o controle de capim pé-de-galinha, bem como, a população, altura, índice de clorofila total, índice de vegetação (NDVI) e produtividade da soja. Os resultados desta pesquisa indicam a presença de populações de capim pé-de-galinha resistentes ao glifosato no estado do Maranhão, as quais apresentam níveis de controle escasso e ocasionam relevantes perdas de produtividade, estimadas em até 48%. O uso do herbicida quizalofop-p-etíl foi altamente seletivo à soja (cv. BMX Dominio IPRO), isolado ou combinado com glifosato. Recomenda-se o uso de 50 a 75 g i.a. ha⁻¹ de quizalofop-p-etíl, isolado ou combinado com glifosato (864 g e.a. ha-1), para o eficiente controle de capim pé-de-galinha, em pós-emergência da soja. Palavras-chave: Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Glycine Max (L.) Merril. Glifosato. Resistência a Herbicida. Seletividade.

One of the central research questions in ecology and biogeography concerns the understanding of species distribution patterns and the factors that shape them, especially in the context of scarce and spatially uneven occurrence records. Stingless bees are essential pollinators in the Neotropical region, and rapid climate change combined with land use transformation makes the identification of environmentally suitable areas for conservation urgent. Species distribution models (SDMs) are valuable tools that relate georeferenced occurrence records to environmental variables and project potential areas of occurrence. In this study, the maximum entropy method (MaxEnt), support vector machine (SVM), and the random forest (RDF) algorithm were applied to assess habitat suitability and viability for Scaptotrigona depilis (Moure, 1942) (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) in the Neotropical region. Potentially suitable areas for S. depilis included the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado of Brazil, as well as the Yungas region of western Bolivia and parts of the Andean Cordillera in Chile. However, habitat fragmentation caused by urbanization, pasture expansion, and deforestation compromises environmental viability in these regions. Future projections indicate a southward shift in the distribution centroid of the species, with increased suitability in regions of the Atlantic Forest, Araucaria Forest, Andean areas, and the Paraguayan and Argentine Chaco. These findings highlight the vulnerability of S. depilis to environmental pressures and reinforce the utility of SDMs as strategic tools to guide conservation policies, sustainable management, and the selection of priority areas for stingless bees in the Neotropical region.

Soybean crop has been produced in the Matopiba region, Brazil, mainly in two physiographic conditions: lowland and plateau. These different characteristics probably include variations in the weed diversity, soil properties, and herbicides performance. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the performance of pre-emergent herbicides under different physiographic (lowland and plateau) in a soybean system. Two experiments were conducted during the rainy season, between January and April 2021, in commercial soybean fields located on Brejo and Mata Roma, Maranhão, Brazil. These experiments were installed in a randomized complete block design, white nine treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted in diclosulam, flumioxazine, imazethapyr, S-metolacloro, diclosulam + imazetapir, flumioxazine + imazethapyr, S-metolacloro + imazethapyr, and clomazone + carfentrazone, and no-treated herbicide. We evaluated the weed diversity, weed control and phytotoxicity ratings. Statistical analyses were realized for continuous, using the traditional analysis of variance (ANOVA) approach, with evaluation of the significance of effects using the F test (p < 0,05). We observed in the lowland (experiment 1) a higher weed diversity (+23%) and higher soil organic matter content (+40%), along with lower herbicides performance compared to the plateau physiograph (experiment 2). These findings indicate that soil physiography should be considered when selecting pre-emergent herbicide strategies for soybean systems in the MATOPIBA region. All treatments were selective to soybeans at the dosages and conditions tested. However, flumioxazin + imazethapyr was the most effective treatment. Keywords: Glycine max (L.) Merril. Glyphosate-Resistant Weeds. Lowland. Plateau. Weed Seed Bank Dynamic. Resumo A soja tem sido produzida, principalmente em duas condições fisiográficas, na região de Matopiba, Brasil: baixão e chapada. Essas diferentes características provavelmente incluem variações na diversidade de plantas daninhas, propriedades do solo e desempenho dos herbicidas. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o desempenho de herbicidas pré-emergentes em diferentes condições fisiográficas (baixão e chapada), em um lavouras de soja. Dois experimentos foram realizados durante a estação chuvosa, entre janeiro e abril de 2021, em campos comerciais de soja localizados em Brejo e Mata Roma, Maranhão, Brasil. Esses experimentos foram instalados em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com nove tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em diclosulam, flumioxazina, imazetapir, S-metolacloro, diclosulam + imazetapir, flumioxazina + imazetapir, S-metolacloro + imazetapir, clomazona + carfentrazona e a testemunha (sem herbicida). Avaliou-se a diversidade e o controle de plantas daninhas, e a fitotoxicidade. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas para dados contínuos, utilizando a abordagem tradicional de análise de variância (ANOVA), com avaliação da significância dos efeitos utilizando o teste F (p < 0,05). Observou-se no baixão (experimento 1) uma maior diversidade de plantas daninhas (+23%) e maior teor de matéria orgânica do solo (+40%), ocasionando um menor desempenho dos herbicidas pré-emergentes. Esses resultados indicam que a fisiografia do solo deve ser considerada na seleção de estratégias de herbicidas pré-emergentes para sistemas de soja na região do MATOPIBA. Todos os tratamentos foram seletivos para a soja nas dosagens e condições testadas, no entanto, o tratamento mais eficaz foi flumioxazina + imazetapir. Palavras-chave: Glycine max (L.) Merril. Baixão. Chapada. Dinâmica do Banco de Sementes. Plantas Daninhas Resistentes ao Glifosato.

A sojicultura é uma atividade de relevante importância socioeconômica para o Brasil, contudo, a intensificação das práticas agrícolas para o incremento de produtividade pode resultar no uso excessivo de fertilizantes concentrados e agroquímicos sintéticos, que ocasionam negativos impactos ambientais. A utilização de insumos alternativos, como bioestimulantes extraídos de algas marinhas, tem colaborado para integração de práticas sustentáveis, especialmente no que concerne aos fatores nutricionais, regulação de estresses bióticos e abióticos. Objetivou-se analisar o efeito do bioestimulante de algas marinhas Macrocystis sp. sobre o crescimento e componentes de produção, em três cultivares de soja. A pesquisa foi realizada em três lavouras comerciais de soja, localizadas no estado do Maranhão, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com 2 tratamentos e 9 repetições. Os tratamentos foram aplicados via foliar, no estádio V5. O primeiro tratamento consistiu na ausência de aplicação (testemunha), ao passo que o segundo, na presença do bioestimulante de algas marinhas. Foram analisadas, a altura de plantas; número de trifólios, ramos, nós e vagens; índices de clorofila a, b e total; índice vegetativo (NDVI) e a produtividade da soja. A aplicação de bioestimulante de algas marinhas Macrocystis sp., no estádio V5 e na dose de 750 mL ha-1, incrementou o número de ramos (33 a 40%), nós (9 a 36%), vagens (9 a 23%) e a produtividade da soja (10%), nas cultivares DM 82i78 IPRO e FTR 3191 IPRO. Para a cultivar BMX Domínio IPRO, o tratamento foi ineficiente, promovendo uma redução de porte, mas sem efeitos significativos sobre a melhoria da ramificação, número de vagens e produtividade. Os resultados demonstram que o uso de bioestimulantes na sojicultura apresenta respostas complexas, cujo genótipo é um fator determinante na eficiência e no rendimento final.

O objetivo com este trabalho foi caracterizar a variabilidade espacial de atributos químicos do solo e produtividade de cana-de-açúcar por meio da integração de ferramentas de geoestatística e de estatística multivariada. O estudo foi realizado na Usina Itajubara, no município de Coelho Neto, Maranhão, Brasil. Os atributos de solo e planta foram amostrados em 100 pontos. Os atributos químicos estudados foram: pH, matéria orgânica (MO), fósforo (P), potássio (K), cálcio (Ca), magnésio (Mg), acidez potencial, sódio (Na), soma de Bases (SB), capacidade de troca catiônica (CTC), saturação de bases, zinco (Zn), cobre (Cu), manganês (Mn), ferro (Fe), cadmio (Cd), cromo (Cr), níquel (Ni) e chumbo (Pb). Os dados foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva, geoestatística e análise de componentes principais. A produtividade da cana-de-açúcar para os anos agrícolas de 2015 e 2016, foi de 75,81 e 81,80 Mg ha-1. Os valores de alcance para os atributos químicos tiveram variação de 36 a 130 m em 2015, e variação de 45 a 140 m em 2016. Os atributos MO, Ca, SB, Cr, Cu e Mn apresentaram variabilidade espacial em todos os anos e camadas avaliadas. O modelo esférico e exponencial foram os mais eficientes para descrever a variabilidade espacial. A produtividade da cana-de-açúcar apresentou distribuição semelhante até o raio de 100 m da área, de acordo com os valores de alcance obtidos nos anos agrícolas 2015 e 2016. A análise integrada de ferramentas de geoestatística e de estatística multivariada permitiu definir quais variáveis possuem maior explicação no sistema.

The average annual deforestation rate in the Amazon Forest-Cerrado transition zone is approximately 2,098.08 km2, restricting numerous ecosystem services. There is a pressing need to develop policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the region. The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic potential of total soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in different soil types and depths in the Amazon Forest and Cerrado biomes, considering the social cost of carbon (SC-CO2) derived by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Soil samples were collected at 2,869 points, distributed across 178 municipalities in the Amazon Forest and Cerrado biomes in Maranhão state, Brazil, in the 0-5, 5-15, and 15-30 cm layers. To carry out the soil organic carbon valuation, two main approaches were combined: accounting framework and economic valuation. The results show that in the Amazon Forest, the total SOC stored in the 0-30 cm layer has an estimated value of 76.52 billion dollars, while in the Cerrado the amount corresponds to 143.73 billion dollars. SOC stock valuation represents an important strategy for sustainable agricultural production, which seeks global food security and at the same time the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions.

The Chapadinha microregion stands out as the main soybean production hub in eastern Maranhão. The replacement of natural vegetation by soybean production areas has significantly impacted biodiversity, regional water cycles, and ecosystem balance. Therefore, the aim was to evaluate the dynamics of land use and land cover in soybean expansion areas in three municipalities of the Chapadinha microregion using Geographic Information System (GIS), geoprocessing techniques, and multivariate analysis. The methodology integrates the use of two approaches for spatiotemporal analysis. The first approach utilizes the dataset obtained from the Annual Land Use and Land Cover Mapping Project in Brazil (MAPBIOMAS) for the municipalities of Chapadinha, Anapurus, and Mata Roma, for the years 1985, 2009, and 2021, while the second consists of multivariate analysis to understand the dynamics of land use classes. The results revealed that the area dedicated to soybean cultivation significantly increased, reaching 6,442 hectares in Chapadinha, 8,200 hectares in Mata Roma, and 10,825 hectares in Anapurus in 2021. Multivariate analysis highlighted a substantial increase in soybean-cultivated lands in Anapurus and Mata Roma in the years 2009 and 2021, contrasting with the reduction in areas of forest and savanna formations. This study provides an overview of the advancement of soybean cultivation expansion on the agricultural frontier of the Chapadinha microregion.