Motahareh Sadat Raziyan

This research introduces a new hydroxyapatite-based composite, designed as a bone-implant scaffold—easy, quick, economical, and closely mimicking the structure of natural bone. Additive manufacture was used to print bioactive material to form a scaffold structure. Thus, during the experimental research, three different composite materials were made to examine both their mechanical and morphological properties. Numerical modeling was used to maximize and prove the mechanical and biological performance of the HA-polymer grafts. The obtained results indicated that incorporating HA and Mg particles into a polymeric matrix allows the structure to be used in tissue engineering. Best results were obtained using a structure, designed from PLA and PHA at 30%, PHB at 25%, Mg at 5%, and HA at 10%. The composite was distinguished by its lightness, strength, and biocompatibility, making it suitable for tissue engineering.

Given the multitude of global health concerns, it is crucial to promptly and precisely identify biomarkers like alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in order to facilitate the early identification and treatment of diverse illnesses, with a special emphasis on cancer. Conventional detection techniques often exhibit limitations in terms of intricacy, temporal requirements, and ease of use, underscoring the pressing want for inventive resolutions. The use of electrochemical biosensors has shown great potential in the field of AFP detection, because they provide efficient, highly responsive, and economically viable detection capabilities. This study examines current advancements in electrochemical biosensors specifically designed for the detection of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), with a focus on the incorporation of state-of-the-art materials, sophisticated manufacturing methods, and novel biorecognition approaches. This study seeks to meet the urgent need for dependable and easily available diagnostic tools in the worldwide battle against cancer and other illnesses by offering a thorough examination of the current advancements in electrochemical biosensors. By making progress in AFP detection technologies, our goal is to have a positive impact on healthcare outcomes, improve illness management, and eventually reduce the global burden of disease.

Recently, tissue engineering has been revolutionised by the development of 3D-printed scaffolds, which allow one to construct a precise architecture with tailored properties. In this study, three different composite materials were synthesised using a combination of polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and hydroxyapatite (HA) in varying weight percentages. Morphological properties were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy showing a uniform distribution of HA particles throughout the matrix, indicating good compatibility between the materials. Furthermore, the printed scaffolds were tested under pressure using a load cell to examine mechanical strength. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed favorable dispersion, biological compatibility together with enhanced bioactivity within the PHB/PHA/PLA/HA composite matrixes. Thus, this paper demonstrates the successful design and implementation of these composite structures for tissue-engineering applications and highlights the effective development of biocompatible scaffold designs with improved functionality.