Yuqin Luo

Rapeseed siliques easily shatter after ripening, resulting in a significant amount of grain loss, which delimits the development of rapeseed machine harvest. However, the effect of nitrogen (N) and density interaction on the characteristics of rape siliques and shattering resistance index is still vague. During the 2021–2022 and 2022–2023 growing seasons, we selected the Jiayou No. 5 rapeseed variety and set three N application levels (N1: 90 kg ha⁻¹, N2: 180 kg ha⁻¹, N3: 270 kg ha⁻¹) and two density treatments (M1: 150,000 plants ha⁻¹, M2: 300,000 plants ha⁻¹) to research the effects of N and density interaction on morphological indexes, physiological indexes, shatter resistance index and yield of direct-seeding rapeseed siliques. The silique shatter resistance index, silique’s length, weight, moisture content, silique shell’s weight, thickness, lignin content, cellulose content and phenylalaninase (PAL) activity all increased first and then decreased with the increase in the N application rate; the N2 treatment increased by 18.38% and 26.92%, respectively, compared to the N1 and N3 treatments; 3.65%, 2.48%; 6.70%, 3.58%; 20.46%, 18.33%; 5.97%, 5.96%; 8.82%, 9.60%; 9.12%, 19.90%; 43.85%, 69%; 2.10%, 11.04%. Compared with the M1 treatment, the silique shatter resistance index, silique’s length, weight, moisture content, silique shell’s weight, thickness, lignin content, cellulose content and PAL activity were lower under M2 treatment. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the silique’s length, water content, silique shell’s weight, thickness, lignin content, cellulose content and PAL activity were significantly positively correlated with the silique shatter resistance index. Therefore, this study shows that N2M1 treatment can carry off synergy between silique shatter resistance and yield.