Moh'D Irshad Qureshi

A consequence of their early delivery, preterm babies have developmental difficulties that call for regulated stimulation methods to promote healthy growth and neurodevelopment. This study's main goal was to create and validate the Multimodal Stimulation Technique and Infant Development Technique (IDT) in order to promote the overall development of preterm newborns. In order to create and validate a module for Infant Development Technique (IDT) and Multimodal Stimulation Technique for preterm newborns, the current study used a methodological research approach. The study was carried out over a 12-month period, from January 2024 to December 2024, at the Pediatrics Department of Acharya Vinobhave Rural Hospital Hospital, Wardha. Experts with at least two to three years of expertise, including neonatologists, neonatal nurses, and physiotherapists, who gave their informed consent to participate in the study were included for the development and validation phase. The module was created in two stages: (1) a thorough literature search to determine the developmental requirements of preterm infants; (2) focus groups with professionals in the field, such as physiotherapists, neonatologists, and neonatal nurses. Using a standardized questionnaire, ten experts—three neonatologists, four neonatal nurses, and three physiotherapists—performed validation. Eleven items on a 4-point Likert scale evaluated the module's appropriateness, relevance, and intelligibility. Open-ended comments were used to get input on further enhancements. SPSS version [21] was used for statistical analysis, and the Content Validity Index (CVI) to evaluate content validity.The data shows that experts generally agree that most items are relevant, as seen by the high content validity metrics. Nonetheless, Q2 and Q10's unequivocal insignificance raises possible problems that need more research. By taking care of these issues, the scale can continue to be valid and reliable while also becoming even more in line with its use.Strong content validity and reliability were shown by the designed module, which offered a useful tool for the stimulation and development of premature infants.

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) refers to a progressive respiratory illness that is defined by airflow limitation that is persistent, chronic inflammation and hyperinflation of the lungs. The adaptation of musculoskeletal and postural functions due to the long-term change of breathing mechanics occurs as the disease progresses, especially a change in the sagittal plane positioning of the spine. These posture abnormalities have adverse effects on the respiratory efficiency, balance, functional capability and quality of life. It is thought that the extent of the deviation’s advances with the advancement of COPD, but comparative evidence across the stages of GOLD is scarce. Aim and Objectives: To compare the postural deviation in the sagittal plane in GOLD Stage II and GOLD Stage III COPD patients through and pictographic analysis. Methodology: The study is Cross – sectional Comparative study of patients with GOLD stage II and stage III COPD. Respondents were recruited at the pulmonary rehabilitation units and the medical wards with an informed consent being obtained. Sagittal plane photographs were taken in standing position in a standard way. Craniovertebral angle, thoracic kyphosis angle and lumbar lordosis angle were measured using pictography-based software. Statistical analysis was done to test the sagittal plane deviations between the two groups. Findings: The two groups had a low craniovertebral angle, high thoracic kyphosis and distorted lumbar lordosis, which shows that there were postural deviations in the sagittal plane. Despite the fact that GOLD stage III patients exhibited a little more deviation, than stage II did, the intergroup did not differ statistically (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The study concludes that sagittal plane postural deviations worsen with increasing severity of COPD. Pictographic analysis serves as a reliable and objective method for postural assessment and may aid in planning stage-specific physiotherapy interventions.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease that has an impact when they are at the most susceptible aspects of personal, professional, and social development. MS affects about 2.2 million individuals worldwide, with the majority of individuals experiencing relapses regularly. The progression of the disease's complex nature, the challenges in selecting the appropriate intervention, and a multitude of symptoms necessitate a systematic approach to the individual that includes both pharmacology and neurorehabilitation. Kinesiotherapy, exercise rehabilitation, massage, and hydrotherapy are all forms of physiotherapy that are used as part of rehabilitation. Physical exercise will mitigate the potential effects of akinesia and so enhance the functioning capacities of all bodily systems, regardless of the severity of the illness. An early examination by a physical therapist who is familiar with MS is advised to develop a customized training and/or lifestyle physical exercise program. Although hospital-based rehabilitation programs appear to have a higher impact, numerous studies have found that home-based rehabilitation is helpful. The constraint imposed by COVID-19 has an influence on the well-being of persons with multiple sclerosis. People with MS would be particularly affected, since they might be considered an at-risk group for serious COVID-19 in a variety of ways, and MS health-related data requirements increased significantly.

While designing the rehabilitation regime of a hemiplegic patient, most physiotherapists focus on the affected/hemiparetic side. The less affected/unaffected side remains unused and loses its properties, i.e., muscle strength, girth, balance, and gait, thus causing deconditioning effects in patients’ overall rehabilitation. To enhance the recovery process, the focus should be drawn to training both sides equally to fasten the recovery process. The rationale behind designing this study was to maintain the integrity of the unaffected side along with rehabilitation of the affected side in hemiplegic patients. Many proven studies focus on bimanual upper-limb training in post-stroke survivors, but there is a lack of literature regarding the same in the lower limbs. This clinical trial was designed to study the effect of bilateral lower-limb training over unilateral lower-limb training on balance and walking in post-stroke survivors. 40 hemiplegic patients were selected and randomly divided into two groups: Group A (unilateral training group (UTG)) and Group B (bilateral training group (BTG)). Patients in Group A underwent approach-oriented training using the motor relearning program (MRP) and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) for the affected side, while those in Group B underwent strength training for the lower-limb muscles using DeLorme's principle for the unaffected side and approach-oriented training using the MRP and PNF for the affected side for a period of six weeks, five days per week. A strengthening regimen was designed for the unaffected side, considering the frequency, intensity, time, and type (FITTs) principle provided by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). The static and dynamic balance along with gait parameters were measured using the functional reach test (FRT), one-leg stance test (OLST), Berg balance scale (BBS), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), gait parameters (stride length, gait velocity, and cadence), and Brunnstrom recovery stages (BRS) at the baseline and post rehabilitation. Both groups significantly improved following therapy (p<0.05). Group B showed more significant results both statistically and clinically. The enhancement in the FRT (2.25, p<0.03), OLST (5.12. p<0.0001), BBS (0.68, p<0.020), and DGI (1.70, p<0.030) scores indicated improvement in static and dynamic balance in the two groups. Patients showed improvement in the stereotyped sequence of movements indicating recovery on the BRS (4.62, p<0.0001). The overall gait parameters in patients, i.e., gait velocity (6.78, p<0.0001), stride length (3.59, p<0.001) and cadence (6.15, p<0.0001), improved post rehabilitation. The results of this study showed that the BTG had positive impacts on the postural balance and walking capacities of subacute hemiparetic stroke patients, promoting early recovery in comparison to the UTG. This study also helped to design a strengthening protocol for the unaffected side according to DeLorme’s principle in line with the FITTs principle.

Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a condition that involves damage to axons at a microscopic level. The most common mechanism involves sudden accelerating/decelerating motion that leads to shearing forces in the white matter tract of the brain. The gross damage to axons in the brain occurs at the junction of gray and white matter. Clinical management is a framework for increasing organizational capacity, assimilating evidence-based best practices, and improving the quality of outcomes in physical therapy. A 17-year-old male reported to the hospital with a history of head injury after a fall from a bike. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed the possibility of grade II diffuse axonal injury. Since physiotherapy is used to gain maximum functional independence, the treatment’s consistency becomes the most crucial component. The physiotherapy management was provided with various integrative approaches such as passive stretching, task-oriented approaches, and bowel-bladder retraining exercises. Outcome measures such as Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Tardieu Scale, Rancho Los Amigos Scale (RLAS), and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) were used to assess the progress of the patient. Hence, we conclude that consistency in performing physiotherapy exercises aids in achieving maximum functional independence and further aids in improving the quality of life of patients.

Stroke is one of the most disabling conditions affecting the middle-aged population all around the world. This study aims to explore the rehabilitation of stroke patients using bibliometric analysis, which includes statistical analysis of recent articles, books, and other kinds of publications, to assess scientific output and determine the significance of scientific investigations in terms of both quality and quantity. In this study, an analysis of global trends in research in bilateral lower limb training for training balance and walking for patients in the subacute stage post-stroke between 1988 and 2021 was done. All the articles were obtained from PubMed databases. CiteSpace software was used to analyze the relationship between publications and country, journals, institutions, authors, references, and the keywords used. A total of 160 publications were included in the analysis. There was a tremendous increase in the research of physiotherapy intervention in patients who had residual disability post-stroke with a publication rate of 7.1 articles per year of publications. The use of the sophisticated PubMed database to extract articles allowed for a thorough and powerful bibliometric analysis of stroke rehabilitation research published between 1988 and 2020. In general, the number of studies on bilateral training has increased in recent decades. This historical overview of rehabilitation for post-stroke survivors will serve as a valuable starting point for future study into possible collaborators, focus issues, and trends. This bibliometric analysis highlights the potential value of exercise therapy for stroke survivors in creating more effective hemiplegia rehabilitation programs. This research may encourage the use of strengthening in the therapeutic therapy of hemiplegia balance. The groundwork will be laid for future research on strengthening stroke to be organized and given top priority.

Frozen shoulder (FS) is a common condition affecting the population between the ages of 30 and 60; the causative agent is idiopathic, sedentary lifestyle, post-traumatic, or secondary to any pathological conditions. The pathology of FS is characterized by cytokine-mediated synovial inflammation with fibroblastic proliferation. The clinical features of FS vary depending on the phase in which the individual is present. The common clinical features are pain, and reduction in the range of motion in the capsular pattern. The available treatment options are medical therapy such as corticosteroid injection, physical therapy, joint mobilization, joint mobilization under anesthesia, and mirror therapy. When all the conservative methods fail then surgical procedures are used which include the surgical release of the restriction formed in the capsule. In conclusion, steroid injection along with physical therapy shows significant improvement in the range of motion and reduction in pain in the shoulder.

Gamification is a novel interventional approach to functional recovery and rehabilitation. A significant impact has been observed with the application of gamification on non-traumatic conditions and chronic neurological and musculoskeletal illnesses; however, the implication of gamification on the functional recovery of patients with distal radius fractures (DRF) is yet to be explored. This pilot study included 20 post-DRF patients aged 18-65 years with unilateral DRF, managed with closed reduction and K-wire internal fixation. The patients were assigned to group A (gamification) and group B (conventional rehabilitation) in a 1:1 ratio. Group A patients played Racket: NX game, Until you fall game, and Holofit game on Oculus Quest head-mounted display (HMD) (Oculus, USA), while group B patients received a conventional rehabilitation program. Both groups underwent a rehabilitation program for 60 min/day, five days a week, for four weeks. The visual analogue scale (VAS), universal goniometer, Jamar dynamometer, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire were used as outcome measures at baseline, at the end of the second week, and at the end of treatment. There were significant improvements in pain, range of motion (ROM), grip strength, and functional independence in both groups. However, improvements in hand function and functional independence were significantly greater in the gamification group than in the conventional physiotherapy rehabilitation group. The study concluded that gamification appears to have a significant impact on post-DRF rehabilitation in terms of pain, ROM, grip strength, and functional independence. Further research with larger sample sizes is required to confirm the preliminary findings.

Hamstring stiffness has been growing more common, but is often neglected. The hamstring muscle complex is the key and most commonly involved muscle group for stiffness, and the younger generation is particularly susceptible. The tightness causes a limited range of motion and associated consequences. The purpose of this study is to look for the efficacy of Mulligan’s two-leg rotation (TLR) and muscle energy technique (MET). To evaluate TLR against MET, an intervention with a duration of six days per week was planned. Modified Oswestry disability questionnaire (MODQ), active knee extension (AKE), lumbar range of motion (LROM), and numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) were used as outcome measures. The duration of the study was six months. It is a pre and post-interventional type of study. Statistical analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics using Student’s paired and unpaired t-tests. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Both the treatment protocol were beneficial for the patients but TLR yields a more significant reduction in tightness and pain than MET. The results after the data analysis show that TLR should be utilized for individuals with hamstring tightness because it exhibited a significant reduction in tightness and pain when compared to MET.

One of the most frequent conditions for which people seek physiotherapy treatment is low back pain (LBP). When the aetiology of low back pain is whittled down to mechanical factors, pelvic tilting becomes apparent. The iliopsoas muscle is the key to relieving LBP in such circumstances, and since it is tightened, we concentrated on stretching it adequately in this study. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and muscle energy technique (MET) are two stretching techniques that we have compared for this purpose. There are many other stretching techniques available, but the evidence has proven these two to be the most effective. The participants in the study were those between the ages of 18 and 60 who had exaggerated lumbar lordosis, or LBP, and met the inclusion criteria. There were two groups created: A and B. PNF and traditional physiotherapy was used to manage the participants in group A, and MET and traditional physiotherapy were used to manage the participants in group B. Each group underwent the same pre-and post-tests, which included the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) to assess pain intensity; a universal goniometer to measure hip joint extension range of motion (ROM) to assess iliopsoas flexibility; and a side-lying X-ray to measure the lumbosacral angle (LSA) to determine the angle of lumbar lordosis. In both the stretching interventions, i.e., PNF and MET, there were statistically significant differences in pain, hip extension range of motion, and lumbar lordosis angle (P > 0.0001). However, for the PNF group, the difference between the pre-and post-test was greater than that for the MET group. The current study, which included 100 participants, demonstrated that both PNF and MET are remarkably effective for loosening the tight iliopsoas. A comparison of both techniques showed that the PNF group had benefited significantly more than the MET group.