Brahmdeo Yadav

The growing hydrogen demands have instigated massive developments in the hydrogen liquefaction technology. Hydrogen fuel is potentially seen as a critical aspect toward developing economies and requires substantial improvement in liquefaction mechanisms. The current study explores the hydrogen liquefaction‐storage through mixed refrigerants with the goal of increasing overall efficiency of the process. A hybrid method is applied which makes use of Pearson correlation, prediction modeling, and k‐means clustering to optimize the process operational parameters. The optimization process showed that an optimal mixed refrigerant composition, MR‐6 (Combo 6), which provides an energy consumption of 7.6 kWh/kg, hydrogen storage of 93.2%, and a COP of 3.9. The given composition had strong positive correlations to C3 ( R = 0.884) and n‐C5 ( R = 0.866) with COP. However, a high negative correlation is established with the COP with N ₂ ( R = −0.888) and Ne ( R = −0.874). The cluster 2 gave the best performance results, especially for Combination 6. Further, the ANFIS model has shown that the Gaussian function membership function yielded the best predictions (RMSE 0.15, MAE 0.05), whereas the Trapezoidal function has produced the greatest errors (RMSE 0.25, MAE 0.09) for the liquefaction‐based outcomes. The optimum composition is found to be MR‐6 with the composition C1(10%), C2(0%), C2*(10%), C3(5%), n‐C4(5%), i‐C5(5%), n‐C5(5%), R14(10%), He (10%), Ne (10%), N ₂ (5%), R23(15%).

This study investigates the geotechnical and microstructural behaviour of expansive Black Cotton Soil (BCS) stabilized with Red Mud (RM) using 10 M sodium silicate as an alkaline activator. A series of laboratory tests, including Atterberg limits, Free Swell Index (FSI), compaction, UCS, XRF, XRD, and SEM, were performed on BCS–RM blends containing 10–30% RM. The incorporation of RM significantly reduced plasticity and swelling, lowering the PI from 26.63% to about 20% and the FSI from 52.17% to 16.67%. Compaction behaviour improved, with maximum dry density increasing from 1.82 g/cc to 1.89 g/cc at 25% RM, while OMC decreased. Under sodium silicate activation, the UCS rose sharply from 142.71 kN/m² for natural BCS to 329.80 kN/m² for the 75BCS25RM mix. Microstructural analysis confirmed the formation of N-A-S-H and C-A-S-H gels and a denser, cemented matrix responsible for strength enhancement. Based on IRC:36-2010 criteria, mixes containing 25–30% RM were found suitable for embankment and subgrade applications. The results highlight that red mud, when chemically activated, offers an effective and sustainable solution for stabilizing expansive soils.

The present study assessed the spatial distribution of trace elements in the groundwater near the Subarnarekha River Basin - Jamshedpur, India. Half of this city's water need (48.11%) relies on groundwater resources. GIS-based maps were constructed using ArcGIS 10.3 software to describe the spatial distribution of Arsenic (As), Barium (Ba), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Molybdenum (Mo), Nickel (Ni), Selenium (Se), and Strontium (Sr). The concentration of trace elements was investigated in the groundwater sample of 30 wells by the Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Many samples contained levels of Sr (100 µg/L), Cu (50 µg/L), Co (10 µg/L), and Mn (300 µg/L) that vastly exceeded the limits of the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) limit, which may directly affect the human health. The northern region of the study area exhibits higher concentrations of heavy metals. The groundwater table was monitored using a sensor-based water level recorder during pre and post-monsoon seasons. A significant fluctuation of 4.9 meters below ground level (mbgl) was observed, indicating potential water scarcity in the summer. The findings of this study offer valuable insights into various sources of contamination affecting groundwater in river basins within industrial regions.