Roberta Cristina de Oliveira Soares

Este artigo investiga os impactos territoriais e ambientais da construção do porto da Cargil na Ilha do Capim, em Abaetetuba-PA, no contexto da intervenção do capital nacional e internacional na Amazônia. O tema central aborda como esses projetos afetam comunidades tradicionais, quilombolas e ribeirinhas, que veem a terra como parte de suas atividades cotidianas, e não apenas como uma mercadoria. A relevância da pesquisa está em destacar as desigualdades de poder existentes entre as populações locais e os interesses econômicos hegemônicos. O objetivo consistiu em analisar esses impactos à luz de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, que identificou lacunas e consensos sobre o tema. A metodologia adotada envolveu a seleção de estudos recentes (últimos cinco anos) em bancos de dados acadêmicos, considerando critérios como data e relevância dos trabalhos. Os resultados apontam para transformações significativas na dinâmica territorial e ambiental de Abaetetuba, ampliando as desigualdades sociais e econômicas na região. A conclusão enfatiza a necessidade de fortalecer organizações sociais locais como forma de resistência e luta por direitos, reforçando a importância de uma consciência coletiva em relação às questões ambientais e sociais na Amazônia.

Effective management of urban solid waste in the Metropolitan Region of Belém, State of Pará, Brazil is essential for conserving ecosystems and public health in eight cities, emphasizing the municipality of Marituba. Considering the vulnerability of underground water resources in Marituba to pollution due to the possible impact of leachate percolation from the landfill, this study evaluates the quality of groundwater captured in tubular wells from different adjacent locations potentially used for human consumption. For this purpose, the systematic methodologies of the groundwater quality index and human health risk assessment analysis: non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk to human health were used based on chronic daily intake of heavy metals by consumption and dermal adsorption of groundwater, measured through risk quotients, risk index, and incremental lifetime cancer risk. To evaluate the interrelationships of pollutants, analysis of variance, hierarchical cluster analysis, and principal component analysis were used based on the spatio-temporal quantification of pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, As, Al, Ba, Co, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, U, and Zn. Residents of the study area are not at potential risk, as the results demonstrate that groundwater is within the potability standards of Brazilian legislation, except for aluminum concentrations, which ranged from 53.12 to 378.01 μg L⁻¹ and 3.82 to 339.5 μg L⁻¹ in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively, exceeding the established limit of 200.0 μg L⁻¹. The quality index for groundwater and the heavy metal pollution index demonstrated that groundwater has good drinking quality with low metal contamination. The risk was considered low at all sampling sites in the non-carcinogenic risk assessment. Principal component analysis indicated that the sources of metal pollution are natural origins and anthropogeny. In this sense, they become worried because aluminum is a recognized neurotoxicant that can interfere with the central nervous system’s critical physiological and biochemical processes. Furthermore, despite complying with potability standards, trace concentrations of highly toxic metals such as As, Pb, Cd, and Ni may indicate initial contamination by landfill leachate.