Jamshid Ur Rehman

This study explores the impact of corporate governance (CG) indicators on the financial performance of Islamic and conventional financial institutions. It also scrutinizes the impact of institutional quality (IQ) as a moderator in the nexus between corporate governance and performance. The study also examines a panel dataset of Pakistani financial institutions for the period 2006-2017. The estimation of a two-step system GMM signifies that CG significantly contributes towards improving the overall performance of financial institutions (FIs). However, the results display differential effects of CG on the performance of Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) and conventional financial institutions (CFIs). Moreover, institutional quality (IQ) significantly moderates and shapes the impact of CG on the performance of both types of FIs. Hence, institutional quality is an important element in strengthening the contributions of CG in increasing the performance of FIs. The study provides important suggestions to policymakers to improve the quality of institutions by implementing the rule of law and controlling corruption. This may enhance the effectiveness of CG and consequently institutional performance.

Corporate governance and risk management are the essential elements of contemporary business management of commercial banks. This study endeavors to shed light on the influence of the corporate governance framework on the bank’s risk, including credit risk, liquidity risk, and operational risk. We analyzed a sample of Pakistani banks using a two-step System GMM over the period 2009-2020. The estimation results validate that corporate governance indicators have significant impacts on banks’ risk exposure. Board size, board independence, size of the audit committee, and risk management committee are performing vital role in reducing credit, liquidity, and operational risk. However, CEO duality causes an increase in these risks. Moreover, bank size, taxes, and asset structure have positive impacts and cause an increase in credit, liquidity, and operational risk. On the other side, cost-efficient banks are exposed to lower risk. The study's findings recommend that bank management enforce effective corporate governance mechanisms to encounter the risks timely.

The study determines the influence of employee autonomy and organizational climate on cooperative learning and its ultimate effect on employee satisfaction and work performance. In organizations, problems arise frequently, which makes creativity and teamwork mandatory. The sample size includes 127 experts in information system development and 34 managers and customers in software development companies in the regions of Islamabad and Peshawar. The LISREL software is used for statistical data analysis because of the study's structure equation model. Relative chi-square, standardized RMSR, GFI, AGFI, NFI, CFI, Cronbach alpha, t-value, factor loading, and path-coefficient explain the relationship among variables. The results signify that employee autonomy and a favorable organizational climate support cooperative learning, and the produced tacit knowledge enhances work satisfaction and creates a state of synergy. The study's findings are specifically more spirited for the practitioners working in the challenging environment of software houses. Moreover, the survey findings encourage innovation and create new ideas, essential for enhancing organizational productivity.