Chang Liu

Background: Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is a common cause of hyponatraemia that requires systematic investigation to identify underlying aetiologies. Central nervous system disorders represent an important but often underrecognised cause, particularly when patients present with non‐specific gastrointestinal symptoms. Case Presentation: A 50‐year‐old woman presented with a 3‐year history of intermittent nausea and vomiting that worsened over 20 days. Laboratory investigations revealed persistent hyponatraemia (serum sodium 125.4 mmol/L), low plasma osmolality (268.58 mOsm/kg H ₂ O) and inappropriately elevated urine sodium (>40 mmol/L). Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated obstructive hydrocephalus with cerebellar tonsillar herniation, while magnetic resonance venography (MRV) showed stenosis of the right transverse sinus, sigmoid sinus and internal jugular vein. Management and Outcome: The patient was diagnosed with SIADH secondary to intracranial pathology. Treatment with fluid restriction (500–1000 mL/day) and oral salt supplementation (gradually increased to 2.5 g/day) successfully increased serum sodium to 130 mmol/L. Neurosurgical consultation recommended conservative management given the likely congenital developmental abnormalities. After 3 years of follow‐up, the patient remains clinically stable with ongoing monitoring. Recent urine osmolality testing (611 mOsm/kg H ₂ O) confirmed the SIADH diagnosis. Learning Points: This case demonstrates the importance of neuroimaging in unexplained SIADH and highlights practical diagnostic strategies when standard laboratory parameters like urine osmolality are unavailable. Central nervous system abnormalities should be systematically investigated in patients with persistent hyponatraemia and non‐specific symptoms. Conservative management with fluid restriction and salt supplementation can be effective for mild‐to‐moderate SIADH cases.

Background: Sex is a crucial factor in the development, progression, and treatment of cancer, making it vital to examine cancer incidence trends by sex for effective prevention strategies. Objective: This study aimed to assess the incidence of cancer in China between 2007 and 2021, with a focus on sex-based trends. Methods: A population-based cancer registry comprising 14.14 million individuals was maintained between 2007 and 2021 by the Beijing Municipal Health Big Data and Policy Research Center. The age-standardized rates (ASRs) of cancers were calculated using the Segi population. The average annual percentage of change (AAPC) was evaluated using the joinpoint regression model, while the Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to predict cancer incidence in the next 10 years. Results: From 2007 to 2021, the study included 651,342 incident patients with cancer, of whom 51.2% (n=333,577) were women. The incidence indicated by the ASR for all cancers combined was 200.8 per 100,000 for women and 184.4 per 100,000 for men. The increase in incidence indicated by AAPC for all malignancies combined significantly increased in women between 2007 and 2021 (AAPC=3.1%; P<.001), whereas it remained constant in men (AAPC=0.3%; P=.30). Although the overall incidence of all cancers indicated by AAPC increased in young men (AAPC=3.2%; P=.01), the greatest increase was observed among young women (AAPC=6.1%; P<.001). The incidence rate ratio for cancer in women increased among subsequent younger generations compared with patients born in the 1962-1966 cohort. The ASR in women will increase 1.6-fold over the next 10 years, with women having twice the incidence rate of men by 2031. Conclusions: The rising incidence of cancer among women in China has become a growing concern, emphasizing the need for increased efforts in cancer prevention and early screening, especially among young women.

BACKGROUND Sex is a crucial factor in the development, progression, and treatment of cancer, making it vital to examine cancer incidence trends by sex for effective prevention strategies. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the incidence of cancer in China between 2007 and 2021, with a focus on sex-based trends. METHODS A population-based cancer registry comprising 14.14 million individuals was maintained between 2007 and 2021 by the Beijing Municipal Health Big Data and Policy Research Center. The age-standardized rates (ASRs) of cancers were calculated using the Segi population. The average annual percentage of change (AAPC) was evaluated using the joinpoint regression model, while the Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to predict cancer incidence in the next 10 years. RESULTS From 2007 to 2021, the study included 651,342 incident patients with cancer, of whom 51.2% (n=333,577) were women. The incidence indicated by the ASR for all cancers combined was 200.8 per 100,000 for women and 184.4 per 100,000 for men. The increase in incidence indicated by AAPC for all malignancies combined significantly increased in women between 2007 and 2021 (AAPC=3.1%; P<.001), whereas it remained constant in men (AAPC=0.3%; P=.30). Although the overall incidence of all cancers indicated by AAPC increased in young men (AAPC=3.2%; P=.01), the greatest increase was observed among young women (AAPC=6.1%; P<.001). The incidence rate ratio for cancer in women increased among subsequent younger generations compared with patients born in the 1962-1966 cohort. The ASR in women will increase 1.6-fold over the next 10 years, with women having twice the incidence rate of men by 2031. CONCLUSIONS The rising incidence of cancer among women in China has become a growing concern, emphasizing the need for increased efforts in cancer prevention and early screening, especially among young women.