Patonah Hasimun

A strong link exists between arterial stiffening and cardiovascular conditions, particularly hypertension. Hypertension, a significant contributor to mortality rates, particularly affects elderly populations. The processed form of Allium sativum, known as black garlic, is renowned for its medicinal properties, including its ability to lower blood pressure. This study examined the blood pressure-lowering effects of black garlic extract, employing male Wistar rats aged two to three months.The experiment involved six distinct rat groups, each comprising of four animals. The two groups served as controls, whereas the remaining four underwent different treatments. Captopril was administered to one group at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg, whilst the remaining three groups were given black garlic extract as BG50, BG100, and BG200. All groups, with the exception of the control normal, underwent a 28-day induction protocol that included 25% fructose in drinking water, cholesterol (200 mg/kg), and propylthiouracil (12.5 mg/kg). The test substances were administered starting on day 14 concurrently with the induction phase. The evaluated parameters included blood pressure, arterial stiffness, nitric oxide (NO) levels, and renal histopathology. Black garlic extract significantly lowered blood pressure, enhanced arterial elasticity, and increased NO levels (p < 0.05) compared with the controls. Renal histopathological analysis revealed protective effects, suggesting prevention of kidney damage. These findings suggest that black garlic may have cardiorenal protective effects and could be useful for managing hypertension and arterial stiffness.

Hyperuricemia, characterized by excess uric acid production or reduced uric acid excretion, is a significant risk factor for kidney and cardiovascular diseases. The enzyme xanthine oxidase (XOin) plays a crucial role in uric acid production, and contributes to oxidative stress and inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the XO inhibitory potential of Kaempferia galanga L. ethanol extract (KGEE) and its effects on arterial stiffness in hyperuricemic rats. Hyperuricemia was induced by placing the animals on 20% fructose in drinking water for 28 days, followed by potassium oxonate injection (4.5 mg/kg, stat). Twenty-five rats were divided into five groups: normal control, positive control (hyperuricemic rats), allopurinol (1.8 mg/kg), and two KGEE groups (50 and 100 mg/kg). After 28 days of treatment, XO inhibitory activity of liver homogenate and serum uric acid concentration were measured. Arterial stiffness was measured on days 0, 14, and 28 using the pulse wave velocity method. XO inhibitory activity of kaempferol a flavonoid in KGEE was assessed in silico by molecular docking simulation. KGEE demonstrated XO inhibitory activity in vitro with IC50 of 31.47 µg/mL. KGEE stimulated XO inhibition in rats’ liver, resulting in percentage inhibition of 79.38% at 100 mg/kg. The extract significantly reduced uric acid levels and improved arterial stiffness, compared to the positive control. In silico molecular docking simulations indicated that kaempferol may act as XO inhibitor. Therefore, KGEE shows promise as an effective XO modulator and a potential biomarker for endothelial dysfunction in hyperuricemia, contributing to the amelioration of arterial stiffness.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects millions of people worldwide, highlighting the importance of dietary interventions. Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) has shown promise in treating chronic metabolic diseases. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of flaxseed as an antidiabetic agent and its protective effect on cardiovascular diseases. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal fed with drug carrier group (N), diabetes with drug carrier group (D), diabetes with metformin (M) group (D+M), and diabetes with flaxseed extract doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg (D+F1 and D+F2) groups. The diabetic rat model was established by administration of drinking water containing 25% fructose and a single intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg alloxan. After a six-week intervention, the rats were sacrificed to assess the antidiabetic and cardiovascular effects. Results: The doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg flaxseed extract significantly reduced body weight and fasting glucose levels and increased insulin sensitivity index (KITT) compared to the diabetes group (P<0.05). In addition, histological analysis showed a significant improvement and increase in pancreatic beta cells in the treatment group compared to the diabetes group (P<0.05). Flaxseed extract doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly reduced weight gain and insulin resistance, contributing to decreased arterial stiffness and atherogenic index compared to the diabetic group (P<0.05). The hypoglycemic effect suggested a dose-dependent response. Conclusion: Flaxseed extract regulates blood glucose levels probably by enhancing insulin sensitivity and revitalizing damaged pancreatic beta cells. It mitigates cardiovascular risk, by reducing arterial stiffness and atherogenicity.

Hypertension is one of the main risk factors for heart problems. Apart from causing heart failure, hypertension can result in kidney failure and cerebrovascular disease. Patient behavior with high sodium and fat intake, unhealthy lifestyle and low compliance with taking antihypertensive medication can result in the failure to achieve therapeutic goals resulting in a decrease in the quality of life of hypertensive patients. Therefore, a method is needed to improve these things, one of which is the counseling method. The counseling method used is medication-taking counseling. The results of this research use the journal review method by analyzing 6 national journals and inter national journals. The results of the study explain that non-adherence to antihypertensive treatment not only has a major impact on blood pressure control, but also on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Therefore, clinical pharmacy services provided by pharmacists in pharmacies in the form of counseling are very important to achieve success. Various studies show that counseling provided by pharmacists and PILS (Patient Information Leaflets) has an influence on the level of compliance in taking anti-hypertension medication.

Centella asiatica (CA) has been reported to have a protective effect on cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular disease-related conditions. Frontal QRS-T angle is a non-invasive biomarker that can predict cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in all causes of death. This study aimed to establish the protective effect of CA in animal models of me

Kecenderungan jumlah penderita hipertensi yang terus meningkat setiap tahunnya, memerlukan upaya pengendalian untuk mencegah resiko komplikasi kardiovaskular. Secara empiris daun pegagan dan rimpang kunyit telah dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat untuk mengatasi berbagai macam penyakit termasuk hipertensi. Pemerintah melalui kemenkes telah menetapkan fokus riset dan pemanfaatan bahan alam untuk mengelola hipertensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan edukasi pengelolaan hipertensi serta pelatihan pembuatan teh herbal yang mengandung daun pegagan dan rimpang kunyit sebagai minuman kesehatan antihipertensi. Kegiatan dilaksanakan di keluraha Padasuka RW05 yang bekerja sama dengan ketua RW dan ketua PKK kelurahan Padasuka. Edukasi dilakukan melalui metode ceramah dan diskusi. Selanjutnya masyarakat mendapat pelatihan cara membuat teh herbal hasil riset kampus yang mengandung daun pegagan dan rimpang kunyit serta pemanis stevia. Kegiatan diakhiri dengan minum teh herbal bersama. Kegiatan ini bermanfaat meningkatkan nilai guna tanaman herbal daun pegagan dan rimpang kunyit yang sudah dikenal oleh masyarakat, meningkatkan pengetahuan untuk mengendalikan hipertensi serta meningkatkan keterampilan masyarakat dalam membuat teh herbal.

Atherosclerosis, hardening of the arteries, causes heart attacks and strokes that are recorded as the world's number one killer disease. Nowadays, research on atherosclerosis is still limited because the modeling of atherosclerotic animals is difficult to do. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is used clinically as a measure of arterial stiffness. PWV measurements in animals can be done invasively and non-invasively. PWV values have a strong correlation with cardiovascular conditions. This study aimed to create a PWV measuring instrument in mice to estimate the occurrence of atherosclerosis. The device developed will be highly beneficial in enhancing the research and development of anti-atherosclerotic drugs. PWV measurement was performed non-invasively by using electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensors. The ECG electrode was placed on the left and right front legs and right rear leg of the test animal. While the PPG sensor placed on the rat tail. PWV is the traveling speed along the arterial segment from the heart position point to the PPG sensor position at the base of the tail. By comparing the EKG and PPG waveforms the amount of travel time (Pulse transit time, PTT) can be determined. The measurement results were obtained in less than a minute. The average PWV measurement results with the proposed method in normal mice aged one to three months was 480 cm/s, within the range of the results obtained by existing standard methods.