Siqi Yu

Against the background of urban stock renewal, new public cultural facilities are important carriers for improving the public cultural service system, and their spatial configuration is closely related to the equity and efficiency of public cultural resource allocation. The spatio-temporal distribution patterns of public cultural facilities and the factors influencing them have important implications for optimizing the allocation of public cultural facilities and advancing the equalization and sustainable development of public cultural services. Using urban reading rooms (URRs) in Luoyang’s central urban area as a case study, this study employed kernel density estimation, standard deviational ellipse analysis, exploratory space–time data analysis (ESTDA), and the Optimal Parameters-based Geographical Detector (OPGD) to systematically reveal the evolutionary characteristics of their spatio-temporal patterns and driving mechanisms. The results show that (1) the agglomeration pattern evolved from “two primary cores, four secondary cores, and multiple nodes” to “one primary core, one secondary core, and multiple nodes,” and finally to “one primary core and multiple nodes.” The spatial extent first contracted and then expanded, the overall distribution exhibited a northeast–southwest orientation, and the center of gravity shifted from the northeast to the southwest and then to the southeast. (2) The spatial distribution of URRs exhibited significant positive spatial autocorrelation, although the strength of positive spatial autocorrelation gradually weakened. High–high clusters showed a contracting trend, whereas low–high spatial outliers showed an expanding trend and were the most numerous. (3) A total of 79.74% of the grid cells exhibited relatively stable local spatial patterns; the directions of local spatial dependence exhibited pronounced spatial volatility; and 81.39% of the grid cells showed coordinated growth, indicating a high degree of spatial integration. The spatio-temporal mobility and cohesion coefficients indicated that the local spatial association structure of URRs exhibited strong stability and path dependence. (4) Public service facilities, bus stops, shopping facilities, food and beverage facilities, and population are the major factors influencing the spatial distribution of URRs. The vast majority of interactions among the influencing factors exhibit bivariate enhancement or nonlinear enhancement, indicating that the spatial distribution of URRs is characterized by pronounced multi-factor coupled driving effects. (5) The spatio-temporal pattern evolution of URRs results from the combined effects of multiple factors. Road and transport factors enhance connectivity, educational resources exert an attracting effect, socioeconomic factors provide support, public cultural resource factors produce synergistic effects, and everyday service factors play a dominant role. Together, these five categories of factors form a coupled driving mechanism involving multiple factors: connectivity–attraction–support–synergy–dominance. The findings provide a scientific basis for optimizing the spatial configuration of new public cultural facilities and promoting the equalization and sustainable provision of public cultural services in the context of urban renewal.

Green spaces (GS) play a pivotal role in promoting ecological sustainability and enhancing public well-being. However, traditional park green spaces (PGS), characterized by centralized layouts, often fail to meet the spatially diverse needs of urban residents. Non-park green spaces (NPGS) have therefore emerged as important supplements to urban forest and green infrastructure systems, yet systematic evaluations of their performance contributions remain limited. Using a multidimensional Supply–Demand Ratio (SDR) framework, we compared park-only (PGS) and integrated (All_GS) scenarios across 609 communities in the central urban area of Nanjing, China, to quantify changes in urban forest service capacity, accessibility, and equity. Results show that integrating NPGS increased the mean SDR by 46.88%, with 59.28% of communities exhibiting improved green service performance. The Deviation Reduction Index (DRI) indicates a 13.67% reduction in deviation from the ideal service range, demonstrating improved overall balance and spatial equity. Community transition analysis further reveals that accessibility improvements are accounted as the key pathway to enhance overall performance, while capacity and quality displayed higher spatial heterogeneity. Overall, NPGS integration substantially enhances service equity and spatial balance in green provision, providing a robust analytical framework for integrated urban forest management and targeted optimization of urban green infrastructure.

While newly built urban green spaces aim to address environmental concerns, the resulting green gentrification and social inequality caused by escalating property values have become critical topics of urban socio-spatial research. To prevent green initiatives from becoming unaffordable for their intended beneficiaries in rapidly urbanizing cities, it is essential to examine the spatial and temporal relationships between the construction of new green spaces and rising housing prices. This study employs a difference-in-differences methodology to analyze regional disparities, impact periodicity, and the influence of park size on housing prices, using Nanjing, China as a case study. This result reveals that the introduction of new-built parks in Nanjing significantly impacts housing prices within an 800 m radius. The premium effect of these parks is substantially higher in urban core areas compared to suburban locales, demonstrating spatial differentials. Suburban parks temporally exhibit a prolonged lag and a shorter premium impact duration. Moreover, among various park areas, medium-sized parks demonstrate the most pronounced leverage effect, approximately double that of large parks, while small parks do not significantly affect housing prices. To mitigate the exacerbation of premium effects and enhance social justice in green strategies, we advocate prioritizing the development of small parks, particularly in urban core areas, and leveraging the temporal delay in new-built park impacts for urban policy interventions.