Stanley Chidubem Akpu
Current Organizations / Institutes
The organizations/institutes from the scholar's latest article
Research Subjects
Research Interests
Stanley Chidubem Akpu has a total of 8 co-authors. Here are the top co-authors by number of shared publications:
- Brinthan Kanesalingam
Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
1 shared publication - Dierk Raabe
Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials, Düsseldorf 40237, Germany
1 shared publication - Guillermo Requena
Institute of Materials Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft-und Raumfahrt), Linder Höhe, 51147 Cologne, Germany
1 shared publication - Ilenia Battiato
Stanford University
1 shared publication - Julie Villanova
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
1 shared publication - Leora Dresselhaus-Marais
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
1 shared publication
Latest Publications
- Open Access
- 13 October 2024
- Published by American Chemical Society (ACS) in ChemRxiv
A Percolating Path to Green Iron
About 1.9 gigatonnes of steel is produced every year emitting 7\% (2.7 gigatonnes) of global CO$_2$ in the process. More than 50\% of the CO$_2$ emissions come from a single step of steelmaking, known as ironmaking. Hydrogen based direct reduction (HyDR) of iron oxide to iron has emerged as an emissions free ironmaking alternative. However multi-scale phenomena ranging from nanometers to meters inside HyDR reactors exhibit detrimental microstructure evolution which resists gaseous transport of H$_2$/H$_2$O, slows reaction rates and disrupts continuous reactor operation. To resolve the conundrum between atomic and reactor scales, we devise a percolation-theory model to reconcile nanoscale porosity with macroscopic properties relevant to reactor design models. Using synchrotron nano X-ray computed-tomography, we quantify the evolution of pores in iron oxide pellets, and demonstrate how nano-scale pore networks influence micro and macro-scale flow properties such as permeability, diffusivity and tortuosity. Our new modeling framework bridges the gap between scales and offers the criteria to accelerate HyDR by at least 5x via feedstock-reactor synergies based on percolation.
- 13 October 2024
- Published by American Chemical Society (ACS) in ChemRxiv
Open AccessA Percolating Path to Green Iron
About 1.9 gigatonnes of steel is produced every year emitting 7\% (2.7 gigatonnes) of global CO$_2$ in the process. More than 50\% of the CO$_2$ emissions come from a single step of steelmaking, known as ironmaking. Hydrogen based direct reduction (HyDR) of iron oxide to iron has emerged as an emissions free ironmaking alternative. However multi-scale phenomena ranging from nanometers to meters inside HyDR reactors exhibit detrimental microstructure evolution which resists gaseous transport of H$_2$/H$_2$O, slows reaction rates and disrupts continuous reactor operation. To resolve the conundrum between atomic and reactor scales, we devise a percolation-theory model to reconcile nanoscale porosity with macroscopic properties relevant to reactor design models. Using synchrotron nano X-ray computed-tomography, we quantify the evolution of pores in iron oxide pellets, and demonstrate how nano-scale pore networks influence micro and macro-scale flow properties such as permeability, diffusivity and tortuosity. Our new modeling framework bridges the gap between scales and offers the criteria to accelerate HyDR by at least 5x via feedstock-reactor synergies based on percolation.