Agnieszka Pawlak

This study investigates strategies regarding energy management in two selected manufacturing companies that focus on researching the load profile under the capacity market conditions. A case study of selected industrial plants is conducted to determine the adequate power and energy capacity of electrical energy storage systems to reduce load variability. The objective of this study is to manage industrial electricity demand by using energy storage to reduce the capacity fee, determined by the discrepancy between average energy consumption during peak and off-peak hours, and to improve the load profile in industrial facilities. The proposed approach combines high-resolution consumption data analysis with parametric evaluation of storage configurations. The impact of storage implementation is assessed by quantifying changes in peak and off-peak demand levels and the resulting capacity-related charges. The results indicate that properly sized energy storage systems effectively flatten load profiles and reduce capacity costs. The study provides practical insights into the integration of energy storage with industrial energy management and highlights its role in enhancing demand-side flexibility under capacity market mechanisms.

This article examines the components of active pedestrian crossing systems, focusing on an innovative solution implemented at Jaworski Street in Kielce. The proposed method for evaluating the effectiveness of this system is based on observations and performance analysis under conditions of limited visibility and increased pedestrian traffic. The key elements of the methodology include assessing the accuracy of pedestrian detection using IR/MW and curtain sensors, analyzing system errors such as false activations or failures to detect pedestrians, and evaluating driver responses to warning signals, with an emphasis on optimizing signal activation timing. The innovation of the method lies in its flexibility and real-time adaptability to dynamic traffic conditions, significantly enhancing system performance and pedestrian safety at crossings. Through integrated detection and activation time management mechanisms, the system can respond to changing conditions in real time, ensuring optimal operational effectiveness.

Global challenges related to sustainable development are increasingly focusing on the use of digital twin technology as a universal tool for optimizing and monitoring renewable energy installations. This article discusses digital twin technology as a support for sustainable development based on the analysis of microgrid structures. Digital twins allow the creation of virtual models of physical systems. This capability facilitated the accurate replication of the microgrid model at Kielce University of Technology using ETAP (Electrical Transient Analyzer Program) software (version 22.5). The operational parameters of the microgrid structure were analyzed for the examined power range of the photovoltaic installation to determine the possibilities of expanding the existing installation. The impact of the photovoltaic installation’s power on the operational parameters of the microgrid structure was visualized, and final conclusions were formulated. Moreover, the integration of digital twin technology into renewable energy systems not only enhances operational efficiency but also plays a pivotal role in advancing sustainability objectives. Through real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance, digital twin technology facilitates the optimization of energy production and distribution, thereby reducing waste and contributing to the overall sustainability of energy systems. This technology enables the simulation of various scenarios, such as fluctuations in energy demand or the integration of new renewable sources, which can inform more sustainable decision-making processes. In the context of microgrids, digital twin technology ensures that energy production is closely aligned with consumption patterns, minimizing energy losses and enhancing grid resilience. Furthermore, digital twin technology supports the sustainable expansion of renewable installations by providing detailed insights into potential environmental impacts and the long-term sustainability of various energy configurations. As the demand for clean energy continues to grow, digital twin technology will be indispensable in achieving a balance between energy needs and environmental stewardship, ensuring that the expansion of renewable energy sources contributes positively to global sustainability objectives.