Xiaoqian Liu

Emerging evidence has illuminated the critical role of gut microbiota in regulating health and longevity. In this review, we systematically summarize the changes in gut microbiota associated with aging and age-related diseases, including gastrointestinal tract diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic dysfunction syndromes. We will also explore the underlying mechanisms, particularly those related to metabolic and immune pathways, highlighting a feedback loop model of "microbial dysbiosis-metabolic dysfunction-chronic inflammation". Furthermore, current interventions related to gut microbiota, including dietary strategies, fecal microbiota transplantation, prebiotics, probiotics, and phage therapies, will be discussed. We will also explore cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI)-driven microbiome analysis, microbial engineering, and organ-on-chip systems, as well as the challenges that remain in this field. Overall, this review provides a theoretical framework and directional guidance for rejuvenating aging and age-related diseases via targeting the gut microbiota.

It is widely known that the dysregulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and dysbiosis of the gut microbiome play significant roles in host development and the progression of various diseases. Emerging evidence has highlighted the bidirectional interplay between ncRNAs and the gut microbiome. This article aims to review the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between ncRNAs, especially microRNA (miRNA), and the gut microbiome in the context of development and diseases, such as colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases, neurological disorders, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Ultimately, this review seeks to provide a foundation for exploring the potential roles of ncRNAs and gut microbiome interactions as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for clinical diagnosis and treatment, such as ncRNA mimics, antisense oligonucleotides, and small-molecule compounds, as well as probiotics, prebiotics, and diets.