Yang Zhao

A significant transition is taking place in China’s urban development, which is moving away from rapid expansion and towards improved quality and efficiency. The distribution of primary education resources is thus experiencing a substantial change: transitioning from a traditional emphasis on merely providing school placements to becoming a systematic effort intricately linked with the functional attributes of adjacent urban environments. Nonetheless, current research has not comprehensively examined the relational dynamics between primary schools and adjacent facilities, nor the discrepancies in these dynamics across various cities. This study analyzes nine major Chinese cities as case studies to investigate the compatibility between elementary schools and adjacent infrastructure. It develops a compatibility model through data gathering, feature selection, and model validation. Significant findings indicate the following: (1) The models trained using several machine learning methods to assess the suitability of primary schools in nine cities for their surrounding facilities all obtained accuracy rates surpassing 72%, with Random Forest displaying the most consistent performance across several cities. (2) Developed cities prioritize spatial coordination among schools, with the SHAP feature representing 20.37% of its significance; conversely, less developed cities exhibit a stronger inclination towards coordinated placement with educational and training facilities, where the SHAP feature constitutes 20.52% of its significance. (3) The compatibility of primary schools with surrounding facilities suggests that Guangzhou, Zhengzhou, and Chongqing possess considerable prospective need for education, whereas the existing distribution in Beijing, Shanghai, and Tianjin is rather well-structured. This study provides a novel, data-driven framework for optimizing educational resource allocation, offering critical insights for achieving sustainable urban development and quality education in China’s cities as they evolve.

Implementing rural revitalization strategies requires understanding ecological revitalization, and improving farmers’ ecological awareness is crucial for promoting ecological revitalization. China’s rural ecological civilization construction is based on a theoretical foundation of Marxist ecological thought. This study examined the cultivation of ecological awareness among farmers in ecological revitalization using the literature, graphs, data statistics, and case analysis methods. A survey conducted in Gansu Province, in China, showed that more than 90% of people are satisfied with current ecosystem revitalization projects. The use of chemical fertilizer is decreasing every year, and the area of water-saving irrigation and soil erosion control has increased since implementing the Three-Year Action Plan for Rural Living Environment Improvement in 2018. The findings indicate the need for farmers to be more aware of general ecological concepts and economic development, and to participate more in ecological governance. Consequently, this study proposes policy measures such as strengthening ecological civilization ideological education, increasing investment in funds and technology, improving the relevant legal mechanisms to provide educational support for cultivating farmers’ ecological awareness, creating a cultural atmosphere, and building a solid institutional guarantee. The study has valuable implications for policymakers, industrialists, and academicians informing the development of strategies and interventions to promote farmers’ ecological awareness for rural ecological revitalization and sustainable development.