Chanho Lee

Cultured meat production requires the large-scale expansion of bovine muscle satellite cells (bMuSCs), but prolonged in vitro culture induces cellular senescence, leading to reduced proliferation and differentiation potential. In this study, we demonstrate that edible, plant-derived Aloe vera-derived nanovesicles (ANVs) act as a food-grade, scalable supplement to mitigate culture-induced aging and restore bMuSC functionality. ANVs were isolated using polyethylene glycol precipitation and exhibited a mean size of 133.6 nm. Treatment with ANVs reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species levels by up to 70% and reduced senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Functionally, ANV treatment enhanced cellular activity and partially rescued proliferation and myogenic differentiation, accompanied by increased expression of Desmin, MYF6, and MYH7. These results present ANVs as a bioactive, non-animal alternative for restoring cellular senescence. Given their food-grade origin, and manufacturability, ANVs offer a promising strategy to cell quality during extended expansion, addressing a key bottleneck in cultured meat bioprocessing.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) play a crucial role in bone formation through their ability to differentiate into osteoblasts. Aging, however, detrimentally affects the differentiation and proliferation capacities of BM-MSCs, consequently impairing bone regeneration. Thus, mitigating the aging effects on BM-MSCs is vital for addressing bone-related pathologies. In this study, we demonstrate that extracellular nanovesicles isolated from gold kiwi (GK-NVs) protect human BM-MSCs from ultraviolet (UV)-induced photoaging, thereby alleviating aging-related impairments in cellular functions that are crucial for bone homeostasis. Notably, GK-NVs were efficiently taken up by BM-MSCs without causing cytotoxicity. GK-NVs reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels upon UV irradiation, restoring impaired proliferation and migration capabilities. Furthermore, GK-NVs corrected the skewed differentiation capacities of UV-irradiated BM-MSCs by enhancing osteoblast differentiation, as evidenced by the increased expression in osteoblast-specific genes and the calcium deposition, and by reducing adipocyte differentiation, as indicated by the decreased lipid droplet formation. These findings position GK-NVs as a promising biomaterial for the treatment of bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis.