Aayushi Patel

Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) species are a leading cause of foodborne illnesses globally, with significant morbidity in both developed and developing countries. This chapter explores the molecular basis of NTS pathogenesis, highlighting the roles of Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs), Type III Secretion Systems (T3SS), and host-pathogen interactions. Emphasis is placed on the molecular epidemiology of prevalent serotypes such as Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) and S. Enteritidis, as well as their adaptive mechanisms in various food and environmental niches. The chapter also reviews emerging multidrug-resistant strains and discusses current strategies for controlling transmission through improved diagnostics, public health surveillance, and food safety interventions.

Non-typhoidal Salmonella species are one of the leading causes of gastrointestinal disease in North America, leading to a significant burden on the healthcare system resulting in a huge economic impact. Consequently, early detection of Salmonella species in the food supply, in accordance with food safety regulations, is crucial for protecting public health, preventing outbreaks, and avoiding serious economic losses. A variety of techniques have been employed to detect the presence of this pathogen in the food supply, including culture-based, immunological, and molecular methods. The present review summarizes these methods and highlights recent updates on promising emerging technologies, including aptasensors, Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), and Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS).