Sidney Luiz de Matos Mello

A Faixa Tectônica Cruzeiro do Sul é uma zona de deformação e magmatismo atuante desde a Elevação do Rio Grande, passando pelos Montes Submarinos Jean Charcot e pelos Altos de Cabo Frio e Paranaíba. Este trabalho caracterizar a deformação associada a essa feição tectônica na porção emersa da crosta continental através de mapas de lineamentos, análise do padrão de drenagem e aplicação de índices geomórficos que permitam quantificar e interpretar os processos deformacionais. A Faixa apresenta direção preferencial NW–SE, refletida tanto nos lineamentos estruturais quanto na orientação dos sistemas de drenagem. Sua influência é expressiva nas falhas de transferência do Rifte Continental do Sudeste do Brasil, bem como no condicionamento dos cursos fluviais que deságuam no Rio Paraíba do Sul, como exemplificado pelo Rio Paraibuna. Na borda oeste da Baía de Guanabara promove a retilinização de canais e rios e a formação de um padrão de drenagem circular. Na interseção com o Rio Paraíba do Sul, promove aumento na sinuosidade do canal e no índice de gradiente, reforçando o controle estrutural da faixa sobre a rede hidrográfica encapsulada pela largura da faixa. Os registros geológicos ao longo da direção NW–SE, que se estende da Elevação do Rio Grande, próxima à região central do Atlântico Sul, até o interior do Brasil, demonstram que a Faixa Tectônica Cruzeiro do Sul constitui uma feição magmático-tectônica de longa duração. Sua atividade iniciou-se no Santoniano, intensificou-se no final do Eoceno e prolonga-se até os dias atuais, condicionando a evolução geomorfológica da região.

The Cruzeiro do Sul Tectonic Belt is a significant zone of deformation and magmatism, emerging from the Rio Grande Rise, passing through the Jean Charcot Seamounts, crossing the Cabo Frio and Paranaiba Height. This study aims to characterize the deformation associated with this tectonic feature in the emerged portion of the continental crust, developing lineament maps, analyzing the drainage pattern, and applying geomorphic indices to quantify and interpret deformation processes. The Belt exhibits a preferential NW–SE trend, reflected in both the structural lineaments and the orientation of the drainage systems. Its influence is significant in the transfer faults of the SE Brazil Continental Rift, as well as for the conditioning of the river courses draining into the Paraíba do Sul River, as exemplified by the Paraibuna River. At the western edge of Guanabara Bay, it promotes the straightening of channels and rivers and the formation of a circular drainage pattern. At the intersection with the Paraíba do Sul River, a sudden change of the channel sinuosity and gradient index is observed, reinforcing the belt's structural control over the hydrographic network encapsulated by the width of the band. Geological records along the NW–SE direction, extending from the Rio Grande Rise, near the central South Atlantic region, to the interior of Brazil, demonstrate that the Cruzeiro do Sul Tectonic Belt constitutes a long-lasting magmatic-tectonic feature. Its activity began in the Santonian, intensified in the late Eocene, and continues to the present days, conditioning the relief and geomorphological evolution of the region.

The Rio Grande Rise (RGR) is the largest oceanic plateau in the South Atlantic and represents a key natural laboratory for understanding oceanic plateau formation, deep-sea circulation, ecosystem functioning, and ferromanganese crust development. This study presents a critical synthesis of current scientific knowledge on the RGR, integrating geological, geophysical, oceanographic, biological, and geochemical evidence published over the last two decades. Geophysical data reveal a complex tectono-magmatic evolution involving Late Cretaceous plume-related volcanism, crustal thickening, rifting, and subsequent subsidence. The structural framework of the plateau is dominated by the Cruzeiro do Sul Rift, which plays a central role in controlling sedimentation, magmatism, and seawater circulation. Oceanographic studies demonstrate that the interaction between the southern branch of the South Equatorial Current and the complex topography of the RGR generates intense internal tides and bottom currents, strongly influencing sediment transport and benthic habitats. Biological investigations indicate that the RGR hosts diverse deep-sea communities, including sponge grounds, cold-water corals, and associated fauna, whose distribution is tightly linked to geomorphology and hydrodynamics. Ferromanganese crusts occurring on the plateau preserve valuable geochemical records of oceanographic and redox conditions, although their spatial distribution, thickness, and metal budgets remain incompletely constrained. Despite major advances, significant knowledge gaps persist regarding crustal structure, sedimentary evolution, ecosystem functioning, and mineral formation processes. This review highlights these uncertainties and outlines research priorities necessary to improve understanding of oceanic plateaus and deep-sea systems in the South Atlantic.

Analyses of U–Pb isotopic geochemistry, optical, and scanning electron microscopy with mapping of chemical elements and fluid inclusions in pre‐salt limestone samples from Sururu and Jupiter Field wells in the Santos Basin, confirm that at ages 121 Ma, 119 Ma, 113 Ma, and 95 Ma there was CO ₂ emplacement during the formation of U‐bearing calcites. The CO ₂ would have been released from the crystallised magma, represented in the Sururu Field by tabular intrusive sills, and migrated through faults to the carbonate mounds. The mixing of the hot magmatic CO ₂ fluid inclusions and colder lake aqueous fluid inclusions with evaporitic carbonates, as well as the high permeability of the limestone, provided thermal convection, an essential process for the formation of U contained in the calcites. The circulation of the magmatic fluid provided sufficient reducing agents to mix with a U‐rich fluid already existing in the lacustrine system for U mineralisation to occur. The high temperature caused by the sill intrusion will have relocated the U initially complexed with organic matter in the shales.

Durante a pandemia de Covid-19, o ensino superior brasileiro adotou o ensino remoto emergencial, forçando docentes a utilizarem tecnologias digitais. Este estudo avaliou o nível de competência digital dos docentes de engenharia em universidades federais e os impactos da pandemia na aquisição dessas competências. Um questionário on-line, baseado no DigCompEdu, foi aplicado a 189 docentes. Destes, 79,37% relataram a necessidade de utilizar ferramentas digitais para ensinar, e 36,40% se encontram no nível intermediário de competência digital e nenhum docente atingiu o segundo nível avançado. A motivação pessoal foi mais influente na aquisição de competências do que o suporte institucional, destacando a necessidade de políticas de capacitação digital contínua.

As políticas públicas em Educação representam um desafio e, ao mesmo tempo, uma necessidade para moldar o futuro no mundo. Todos os países enfrentam desafios educacionais únicos que estão profundamente interligados com os seus contextos socioeconômicos, políticos e culturais. Abordar estas questões por meio de políticas públicas é essencial para reduzir as desigualdades sociais e promover o desenvolvimento sustentável.

Este capítulo trata dos depósitos hidrotermais de sulfetos metálicos no fundo dos oceanos a partir de uma revisão da literatura. O foco desta revisão está no processo de formação dos depósitos em diferentes ambientes geológicos, métodos de investigação e importância das jazidas minerais. A revisão cobre ainda aspectos sobre a biodiversidade em torno dos sítios hidrotermais e os prováveis impactos ambientais na prospecção mineral empregando novas técnicas de extração mineral em oceano profundo. Palavras-chave: depósitos hidrotermais, sulfetos metálicos, fundo oceânico. Abstract This chapter deals with the hydrothermal deposits of metallic sulfides on the ocean floor from a literature review. This review focuses on the formation process of deposits in different geological environments, investigation methods, and the importance of mineral deposits. The review also covers aspects of biodiversity around hydrothermal sites and the likely environmental impacts on mineral prospecting using new deep ocean mineral extraction techniques. Keywords: hydrothermal deposits, metallic sulfides, ocean bottom.

This study aims to investigate how enrollments have reached a rapid increase in distance learning Higher Education (DLHE) in Brazil and consider whether it promotes inclusion, equity, and quality as disseminated by the Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) and the Brazilian Plan of Education (PNE). The methodological procedures were based on documentary research. For this analysis, three goals of DLHE were investigated: access, quality, and equity by looking at variables such as enrollments, the regulatory framework, the quality assessment, the cost of Education, the student income, gender, and ethnicity. The analysis showed increased enrollments in Higher Education (HE) in the last decade, particularly distance Education. This growth was accompanied by greater inclusion and equity in access to HE. But there are issues in the quantity and content of courses and the concentration of enrollments in a few for-profit private institutions, which affect the quality of Education. This paper provides a unique view of whether DLHE promotes inclusion and equity in tertiary Education in Brazil and whether it has been valuable in public policy.