Heidi C. Knowles
Current Organizations / Institutes
The organizations/institutes from the scholar's latest article
Research Subjects
Research Interests
Heidi C. Knowles has a total of 14 co-authors. Here are the top co-authors by number of shared publications:
- Hao Wang
Department of Emergency Medicine, JPS Health Network, 1500 S. Main St., Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA
2 shared publications - Charles Huggins
Department of Emergency Medicine, JPS Health Network, 1500 S. Main St., Fort Worth, TX 76104, United States of America
1 shared publication - Chet D. Schrader
Department of Emergency Medicine, JPS Health Network, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA
1 shared publication - Christian Keller
Department of Family Medicine, JPS Health Network, 1500 S. Main St., Fort Worth, TX 76104, United States of America
1 shared publication - Devin Sandlin
Department of Emergency Medicine, John Peter Smith Health Network, 1500 S. Main St., Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA
1 shared publication - Emily Drone
Department of Emergency Medicine, JPS Health Network, Integrative Emergency Service, 1500 S. Main St., Fort Worth, TX 76104, United States of America
1 shared publication
Latest Publications
- 17 November 2025
- Published by Elsevier in The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
- Vol. 100, 62-69
Generative AI-enhanced nomogram predicts left without being seen among ambulance-transported emergency department patients
- 17 November 2025
- Published by Elsevier in The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
- Vol. 100, 62-69
Generative AI-enhanced nomogram predicts left without being seen among ambulance-transported emergency department patients
- Open Access
- 27 December 2024
- Published by Wolters Kluwer Health in Medicine
- Vol. 103 (52) , e40763
Maximizing efficiency in emergency care: triple interventions to minimize left without being seen: An observational study
Left without being seen (LWBS) is a quality care metric associated with patient-centered outcomes. The risks affecting LWBS are complex and interventions targeting certain risks have diverse effects. We aimed to use different artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) algorithms to identify the risks affecting LWBS, implement triple interventions specifically targeted at such risks, and compare daily LWBS rate changes before and after the intervention. This is a retrospective observational study. Single urban Emergency Department (ED) daily throughput data from March 1, 2019, to February 28, 2023, were used for AI/ML model prediction. Model performance including accuracy, recall, precision, F1 score, and area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUC) were reported. The top risks affecting the LWBS were identified using the important function of the AI/ML feature. Triple interventions were implemented. The average daily LWBS rate was compared before (March 1, 2019, to February 28, 2023) and after (June 1, 2023, to May 31, 2024). A total of 1919 daily throughput metrics were analyzed, including 1461 daily metrics before the intervention, 92 daily metrics during the wash period, and 366 daily metrics after the intervention. Using data before the intervention, the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Random Forest AI/ML algorithms predicted LWBS with a similar favorable performance. The 3 common factors influencing the increased daily LWBS rate were triage-to-bed (wait time), boarding time, and door-to-triage in the ED. Rapid triage, direct bedding, and boarding reduction (triple intervention) were implemented on March 1, 2023. We found 4.82% of daily LWBS before the triple intervention compared to 1.93% of daily LWBS after the triple intervention (P < .001). AI/ML approaches can identify common factors that are highly related to LWBS with favorable performance. Triple interventions targeting these factors can reduce the daily LWBS rate by approximately 60%, indicating the efficiency of the ED operational management.
- 27 December 2024
- Published by Wolters Kluwer Health in Medicine
- Vol. 103 (52) , e40763
Open AccessMaximizing efficiency in emergency care: triple interventions to minimize left without being seen: An observational study
Left without being seen (LWBS) is a quality care metric associated with patient-centered outcomes. The risks affecting LWBS are complex and interventions targeting certain risks have diverse effects. We aimed to use different artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) algorithms to identify the risks affecting LWBS, implement triple interventions specifically targeted at such risks, and compare daily LWBS rate changes before and after the intervention. This is a retrospective observational study. Single urban Emergency Department (ED) daily throughput data from March 1, 2019, to February 28, 2023, were used for AI/ML model prediction. Model performance including accuracy, recall, precision, F1 score, and area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUC) were reported. The top risks affecting the LWBS were identified using the important function of the AI/ML feature. Triple interventions were implemented. The average daily LWBS rate was compared before (March 1, 2019, to February 28, 2023) and after (June 1, 2023, to May 31, 2024). A total of 1919 daily throughput metrics were analyzed, including 1461 daily metrics before the intervention, 92 daily metrics during the wash period, and 366 daily metrics after the intervention. Using data before the intervention, the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Random Forest AI/ML algorithms predicted LWBS with a similar favorable performance. The 3 common factors influencing the increased daily LWBS rate were triage-to-bed (wait time), boarding time, and door-to-triage in the ED. Rapid triage, direct bedding, and boarding reduction (triple intervention) were implemented on March 1, 2023. We found 4.82% of daily LWBS before the triple intervention compared to 1.93% of daily LWBS after the triple intervention (P < .001). AI/ML approaches can identify common factors that are highly related to LWBS with favorable performance. Triple interventions targeting these factors can reduce the daily LWBS rate by approximately 60%, indicating the efficiency of the ED operational management.