Amirkan Azembayev

Purified water is one of the most important technological utilities in pharmaceutical manufacturing and is widely used in the synthesis of pharmaceutical substances, preparation of technological solutions, equipment sanitation, and production processes. The stability of its physicochemical and microbiological characteristics directly affects the quality, safety, and reproducibility of pharmaceutical products. Therefore, qualification and validation of water treatment systems are essential requirements of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP).

Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á. Löve, a widely distributed species of the Polygonaceae family, has long been valued in traditional medicine for its diverse therapeutic applications. This review investigates its phytochemical composition, traditional uses, and pharmacological potential, placing the plant in the broader context of natural product research. Bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, anthraquinones, steroids, and phenolic acids, which exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities, are compiled and analyzed. Modern techniques have identified novel compounds like falloconvolin A and B, as well as compounds with estrogenic and neuroprotective properties. To support this analysis, information was sourced from ethnobotanical, phytochemical, pharmacological, and clinical studies, utilizing databases like PubMed, Science Direct, and ResearchGate. This comprehensive analysis underscores the importance of further research to elucidate the mechanisms of action of its bioactive constituents and to explore its potential for pharmaceutical innovation. Fallopia convolvulus represents a promising, sustainable resource for developing novel therapeutic agents, bridging traditional medicine with modern science.

Introduction.The growth of antibiotic resistance poses a threat to the global health system and is increasing interest in antimicrobial potentiators. Iodine-based compounds are characterized by low resistance to bacteria and a broad spectrum of action. For their use at the industrial level, it is important to scale up the technology and obtain a stable quality product. Research objective. To conduct the process of scaling up an iodine-based antimicrobial pharmaceutical substance in pilot production conditions, optimize technological parameters and evaluate the quality and stability characteristics of the finished product. Research materials and methods. The study was conducted in the pilot production and laboratories of the JSC « Scientific Center for Anti-Infective Drugs». A substance containing iodine, potassium iodide, starch, polyvinyl alcohol and neutral salts was prepared. Physicochemical analyses (pH, density, quantitative composition), microbiological purity and 12-month stability tests were conducted. Three production batches were prepared and the data were processed. Results. The quality of the finished product met all regulatory requirements: iodine content 8.33–8.39 mg/ml, potassium iodide – 11.73-11.83 mg/ml, pH – 4.24-4.27, density – 1.062-1.063. Microbiological purity indicators fully comply with the requirements. During the study, important technological parameters were analyzed at the main stages of production (raw material measurement, mixing, hydrolysis, obtaining the finished product, quality control, packaging and labeling). Conclusion. The results obtained during the scaling-up of an iodine-based antimicrobial substance are an important scientific and technological base that will allow this substance to be introduced into industrial production. The scaled-up technology allows for the production of high-quality, stable and safe products. As a result of scaling up from the laboratory level to the pilot production site, the critical parameters for the production of an iodine-based antimicrobial potentiator were identified and the technological conditions were optimized. The results obtained will serve as the basis for introducing the pharmaceutical substance into industrial production and will contribute to meeting its growing demand.

The global increase in multidrug resistance highlights the need for new, effective antimicrobial agents. Iodine-containing complexes, due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties, low likelihood of resistance development, and stability under various conditions, represent a promising avenue for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches. The aim of this study was to collect and analyze research assessing the impact of iodine-containing complexes with organic ligands on the gene expression of certain pathogenic strains of microorganisms with multidrug resistance. Bioinformatics approaches were employed to investigate gene expression, protein interactions, and metabolic pathways, utilizing tools like STRING, KEGG, Reactome, and UniProt. Models of gene and proteome interaction analysis were also used to interpret the data. Key findings include the suppression of central metabolic cycles, such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), increased glycolytic activity, a shift in metabolism toward anaerobic respiration, and activation of oxidative stress defense systems. The study also highlights changes in gene expression associated with membrane remodeling, DNA repair, regulation of virulence factors, and nutrient transport. These adaptive responses reflect the multifaceted antimicrobial action of iodine-containing complexes, which target key cellular components and processes, making them highly effective against multidrug-resistant pathogens. Iodine-containing complexes exhibit high antimicrobial potential due to their ability to disrupt essential bacterial life processes, impairing metabolism, structure, and adaptive mechanisms. Further research into the molecular mechanisms of iodine’s action and its effects on pathogen virulence could open new avenues for addressing the challenge of antibiotic resistance.