N. N. Zaynutdinov

High myopia is one of the main causes of reversible vision loss worldwide among the working-age population. Despite the widespread use of phakic intraocular lenses (PIOLs) for correction, immunological changes in the aqueous humor before and after implantation remain insufficiently studied. Objective. The study aimed to assess and compare cytokine levels in the aqueous humor before and after implantation of collamer-based and acrylic-based PIOLs in patients with high myopia. Material and methods. The study included 58 patients (103 eyes) with high myopia scheduled for PIOL implantation. The main group (A) consisted of 36 patients (68 eyes) who received collamer-based PIOLs. The comparison group (B) comprised 22 patients (35 eyes) who received acrylic-based PIOLs. The control group included 20 patients (20 eyes) with emmetropia. Cytokine levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β2 were studied only in 18 patients (30 eyes) using solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with special reagents. Results. After implantation of different types of PIOLs, all patients included in the study achieved the desired outcome: residual refractive error (0.75±0.5 D) and visual acuity (0.85±0.17) remained stable during the 24-month postoperative period. Before PIOL implantation, patients with high myopia showed a statistically significant increase in IL-6 concentration — more than 2.5-fold (9.51±0.52 pg/ml vs 3.82±0.26 pg/ml in the control group) (p<0.001). The TNF-α level increased almost 1.8-fold (9.98±0.53 pg/ml vs 5.63±0.42 pg/ml in the control group) (p<0.001). In the main group, the TGF-β2 level was 15.99±1.09 pg/ml, which was 4.1- times higher than the control values (3.88±0.26 pg/ml) (p<0.001). Conclusion. PIOL implantation in high myopia is an effective, safe, and reliable correction method associated with marked changes in the local cytokine profile. Collamer lenses induce a less intense inflammatory response and a more active remodeling reaction compared with acrylic lenses.

Although previous studies have reported favorable outcomes of Occlu-tab therapy for anisometropic and strabismic amblyopia, its effectiveness for bilateral ametropic amblyopia has not been well documented. This study evaluated the therapeutic effectiveness of Occlu-tab training applied to both eyes in children with bilateral ametropic amblyopia. This retrospective study included 25 children with bilateral ametropic amblyopia (best-corrected visual acuity ≤0.8 in both eyes) treated at the NAZAR Eye Center (Tashkent, Uzbekistan) between September 2024 and February 2025. The eye with better visual acuity, as assessed at the initial visit, was defined as the better eye and the fellow eye as the worse eye. All patients received refractive correction and initiated Occlu-tab training at the first visit. Occlu-tab training was performed for 10 minutes per eye per day (20 minutes total for both eyes), 10 times per month, for 6 months. Visual acuity was assessed at baseline (0 months; 0 M) and at 1 M, 3 M, and 6 M. Changes in visual acuity over time were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. The mean patient age was 7.96 ± 1.30 years. In the worse eye, mean visual acuity (LogMAR) was 0.32 ± 0.17 at 0 M, 0.28 ± 0.15 at 1 M, 0.22 ± 0.12 at 3 M, and 0.19 ± 0.11 at 6 M (p < 0.001). In the better eye, mean visual acuity was 0.26 ± 0.15 at 0 M, 0.24 ± 0.14 at 1 M, 0.19 ± 0.13 at 3 M, and 0.15 ± 0.11 at 6 M (p < 0.001). Over the 6-month treatment period, Occlu-tab training applied to both eyes was associated with significant visual acuity improvement in children with bilateral ametropic amblyopia. These findings suggest that Occlu-tab therapy may improve in visual acuity in patients with bilateral ametropic amblyopia.

Background. High myopia is a refractive error and a serious problem among teenagers. This condition can lead to significant vision impairment if left unaddressed, affecting their daily activities and overall quality of life.Purpose. To estimate clinical results after phakic lens implantation in patients with high myopia and shallow anterior chamber depth during the 24-month postop period. Material and methods. In this retrospective observational study, we aimed to analyze clinical results of 226 eyes in 131 patients who had undergone implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation. Pre- and postoperative clinical parameters have been evaluated at 1 day, 1 week, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months in the postoperative period.Results. A total of 226 eyes of 131 patients had underwent ICL implantation in Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Eye Microsurgery from January 2020 to December 2023. Initially, we separated all eyes into two groups. Group A that had anterior chamber depth (ACD) ≥ 2.8 mm and Group B that had an ACD < 2.8 mm. The mean pre-op ACD was 2.95±0.13 mm was 2.65±0.15 mm in Group A and B, respectively. The mean age of all patients was 25.68±4.3. The mean pre-op manifest spherical equivalent was -8.65±2.72 D, and the manifest cylinder was -2.43±0.53 D, respectively (p≤0.001), with postoperative refractive measures reduced to -0.5±0.12 D (p≤0.001). The mean IOP was 14.8±2.3 mmHg preoperatively. The mean IOP has changed to 15.23±1.86 mmHg during 24 months in the postoperative period. Conclusion. Phakic IOL implantation is an alternative method for correcting high refractive errors. Even when the anterior chamber depth is below the required parameters, the surgeon can still implant ICL and achieve optimal postoperative results. However, in these cases, all patients must be thoroughly prepared for the planned surgery and should be monitored periodically for intraocular pressure and ICL vault measurements during the long-term postoperative period.

Refractive anomalies are among the leading ocular conditions affecting the working-age population. One of them — high myopia — can cause severe and irreversible ocular changes, resulting in significant visual impairment or loss. Purpose. This study evaluated changes in vault height of phakic intraocular lenses (PIOL) and intraocular pressure (IOP) following the implantation of the ICL V5 (VICM5) lens in patients with high myopia. Material and method. The study included 60 patients. They were monitored for at least 24 months. Observation included measurement of clinical refraction, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), IOP, and the distance between the posterior surface of the optical part of the lens and the anterior surface of the crystalline lens (vault). Results. All surgeries were completed without complications. The safety and efficacy indices were 1.43 and 1.34, respectively. In 97 eyes (86%) with high myopia UCVA was equal to or better than preoperative values. The mean preoperative spherical equivalent was —10.59±3.4 D, which improved postoperatively to -0.5±0.75 D. Subsequently, the spherical equivalent remained within ±0.5 D in 89% of patients. The mean postoperative IOP was 15.86±3.30 mm Hg over the course of the 24-month follow-up. One month post-implantation, the vault height of the spherical lens ICL was 469.3±134.4 µm and 432.6±124.5 µm after 24 months (p<0.001). Conclusion. Implantation of the Visian ICL V5 lens is a safe and effective alternative refractive surgery method for the correction of high myopia.

Background. Refractive errors are leading pathology of visual organ among active age population. Myopia is one of the main causes of disability and blindness. Purpose. To assess the clinical outcomes of changes in endothelial cell density, intraocular pressure (IOP), and correlated factors after phakic intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in patients with high myopia during the 6-month postoperative period. Material and Methods. In this observational study, 58 eyes of 30 patients were investigated after spheric implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation. The main clinical outcomes were uncorrected visual acuity, best-corrected visual acuity, endothelial cell density, intraocular pressure, and correlated factors. In this study, all patients’ postoperative outcomes were evaluated at 1 day, 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. Results. In total, 58 eyes of 30 patients underwent spheric ICL model implantation at the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Eye Microsurgery from January 2023 to June 2023. The mean age of patients was 27.52±6.61. The mean preoperative manifest spherical equivalent was -10.59±3.41 D, respectively, which postoperative spherical refractive measures reduced to -0.92±0.37 D. The mean IOP was 15.9±1.92 mm Hg preoperatively. The mean IOP has changed until 15.86±3.3 mm Hg during the 6-month post-operative period. Conclusion. Implantable collamer lens implantation is a safe, effective, and alternative refractive surgery for correction of high myopia in patients with thin corneas and several contraindications for laser correction.