Mugdivari Sangeetha

The simultaneous estimation of Levothyroxine (T4) and Liothyronine (T3) in combined pharmaceutical dosage formsis crucial for effective hypothyroidism management.Due totheir lowconcentrations,structural similarity, and high potency, method development poses analytical challenges. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) stands out as a preferred technique owing to its high sensitivity, resolution, and reproducibility across a wide range of compound polarities. This review outlines RP-HPLC principles and highlights method development strategies such as columns election, mobile phase optimization, detection wavelength, and sample preparation. It also discusses essential method validation parameters in line with ICH guidelines, including accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity, LOD, LOQ, robustness, and system suitability. Literature-based insights into validated methods for routine analysis, stability studies, and pharmacokinetic evaluations are presented. Advancements such as gradient elution, stability-indicating approaches, and mass spectrometry integration are explored for their impact on method performance. The review concludes with clinical and regulatory perspectives, reinforcing RP-HPLC as a reliable tool for the quantitative analysis of thyroid hormones in pharmaceutical formulations.

For the simultaneous measurement of levosalbutamol and ipratropium bromide, a quick and sensitive reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) approach has been devised. Chromatographic separation was accomplished using a mobile phase made up of 0.01M potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ethanol (pH was corrected to 3.0 using O-phosphoric acid) on a reverse phase Enable C18 column (250 X 4.6 mm, 5 µm). A UV detector set to 245 nm was used for detection after the mobile phase was pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The suggested approach could be used for routine quality control analysis for the simultaneous determination of levosalbutamol and ipratropium bromide in pharmaceutical dosage forms since it was found to be easy to use, quick, accurate, precise, and repeatable.

Microwave-Assisted Organic Synthesis (MAOS) has emerged as a revolutionary approach in green chemistry, offering an energy-efficient, environmentally friendly alternative to traditional synthetic methods. Conventional organic synthesis faces challenges such as excessive reaction times, high solvent consumption, and significant chemical waste. Microwave irradiation enhances reaction efficiency by selectively heating the reaction mixture, leading to faster reaction rates, improved yields, and reduced byproduct formation. This technique aligns with the principles of green chemistry by minimizing toxic solvent use and optimizing reaction conditions for sustainability. The fundamental mechanisms of microwave heating, including dipolar polarization and ionic conduction, enable precise and uniform energy transfer, making it an effective tool for various organic transformations. Comparative studies on the synthesis of compounds like phenacetin, benzoic acid, and sulfonyl chloride demonstrate the advantages of MAOS over conventional methods. Despite certain limitations, such as safety concerns and solvent-specific absorption issues, MAOS is poised to become a mainstream technique in synthetic chemistry, driving advancements in eco-friendly and efficient chemical processes.

This study presents the synthesis and biological evaluation of oxazine and thiazine derivatives derived from chalcone as potential agents against microbial pathogens. The derivatives were synthesized by using reported methodology from chalcone. Chalcones, characterized by their α, β-unsaturated carbonyl system, exhibit various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and antiviral effects. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed using spectroscopic techniques including FTIR. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized oxazine and thiazine derivatives was evaluated against a panel of clinically relevant microorganisms, encompassing Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Preliminary results demonstrate that certain oxazine and thiazine derivatives exhibit significant antimicrobial activity, with some compounds displaying potent inhibition against a broad spectrum of microbial species. These findings suggest that oxazine and thiazine derivatives derived from chalcone hold promise as novel antimicrobial agents. Further optimization and preclinical investigations are warranted to fully explore their potential for clinical applications in combating microbial infections.

This review is provided a detailed information about the introduction, mechanisms of self- destructive nanoparticles, benefits of nanoparticles, future perspectives and different types of applications of self-destructive nanoparticles

This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the development and validation of a UV-Spectroscopic method for the quantification of Ziprasidone Hydrochloride (HCl) in both bulk and marketed formulations. Ziprasidone HCl, an atypical antipsychotic used in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, requires precise analytical methods for its quantification due to its clinical importance. The study emphasizes the methodological aspects, including the selection of solvents, determination of the maximum absorbance wavelength (λmax), and the preparation of standard solutions. The validation process covers key parameters such as linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, and sensitivity. The method's specificity is confirmed by the lack of interference from common excipients. This UV spectroscopic method is concluded to be simple, reliable, cost-effective, and suitable for routine quality control analysis of Ziprasidone HCl in pharmaceutical preparations. The article also includes a review of the latest literature on analytical methods for Ziprasidone HCl, highlighting recent advancements and comparisons with other techniques such as HPLC.