José Terán-Rojas

Background: Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) is an important grain legume cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions and contributes significantly to food security and local agriculture, particularly in Peru. However, information on the agronomic variability of lima bean germplasm under coastal conditions of Peru remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the phenotypic variability and yield-related traits of lima bean genotypes from the INIA Germplasm Bank. Methods: Seven genotypes were evaluated under field conditions in Pisco, Ica (Peru), using a randomized complete block design with four replications. Twelve agronomic and morphological traits related to pod, seed and yield components were recorded. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, Pearson correlation, principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering. Result: Significant differences among genotypes were observed for most traits, indicating considerable phenotypic variability. Grain yield per plant showed positive correlations with the total number of pods per plant and the number of marketable pods. The first two principal components explained 51.14% of the total variation and separated genotypes mainly according to yield components and morphological traits. Cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into three clusters, identifying genotype Ac4 as the most promising material due to its favorable association with yield-related traits and lower incidence of pest-infested pods.

El frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) es un cultivo estratégico por su valor nutricional y su asociación con microorganismos fijadores de nitrógeno, aunque en regiones como Chincha (Perú) los rendimientos permanecen bajos, lo que demanda alternativas de manejo. Se evaluó la respuesta agronómica de las líneas Larán Mejorado y Waf 78/20 a la aplicación de compost y BlackSoil en dosis de 8 y 16 % (p/p), bajo un Diseño en Bloques Completos al Azar (DBCA) con arreglo factorial 2 × 2 × 2 y dos testigos, con cuatro bloques en condiciones de casa malla. Se evaluaron 12 variables agromorfológicas y la densidad aparente del sustrato, analizadas mediante efectos principales e interacciones, pruebas paramétricas y no paramétricas, coeficientes de correlación de Pearson y análisis de componentes principales (ACP). Se obtuvo que el factor genético fue la principal fuente de variación. Larán Mejorado destacó por una respuesta más uniforme, mayor precocidad y mejores componentes de rendimiento, favorecidos por la aplicación de compost; mientras que Waf 78/20 se asoció con mayor crecimiento vegetativo y mayor sensibilidad a cambios en la densidad aparente del sustrato; en esta línea, la aplicación de BlackSoil se relacionó con ciclos fenológicos más prolongados y menor peso de semilla. Los hallazgos evidencian que la genética determina en mayor medida la respuesta al abonamiento orgánico, resaltando la importancia del genotipo en prácticas de manejo; sin embargo, estos resultados deben validarse en condiciones de campo y múltiples ambientes.

El frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) es una de las leguminosas más cultivadas a nivel mundial por su alto valor nutricional y papel en la seguridad alimentaria. En el Perú, su producción en el valle de Chincha es vital para pequeños y medianos agricultores, siendo una fuente clave de ingresos. Sin embargo, su productividad depende de factores agroclimáticos y genéticos. Este estudio evaluó el desempeño de nueve líneas de frijol en el valle de Chincha para identificar materiales con mayor potencial productivo. Se empleó un Diseño en Bloques Completos al Azar (DBCA) con 14 variables evaluadas, aplicándose análisis estadísticos como ANOVA, coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, Análisis de Componentes Principales (ACP) y agrupamiento jerárquico. El ACP explicó el 40 % de la variabilidad total en las dos primeras dimensiones. La primera (23,3 %) estuvo asociada a componentes de rendimiento, mientras que la segunda (16,7 %) se relacionó con la fenología, peso de 100 granos y longitud de vaina. El peso de 100 granos presentó correlación positiva con el largo de vaina (r=0,80) y negativa con los días a madurez de cosecha (r=-0,56). Can D8120 y Arbolito (clúster A) fueron las líneas más productivas (1402,75 y 1511,00 kg·ha⁻¹), con peso intermedio de 100 granos (49,30-51,70 g). Larán Mejorado (clúster B) destacó por su mayor tamaño de grano y rendimiento intermedio. Estos hallazgos son clave para la selección de líneas con alto potencial productivo y su incorporación en programas de fitomejoramiento.

Background and Aim: Hematological parameters are critical indicators of health and physiological status in goats. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of location, feeding regimen, age, and body condition score (BCS) on hematological parameters in Creole goats reared under extensive systems on the southern coast of Peru and to establish context-specific reference values. Materials and Methods: A total of 111 multiparous goats from nine herds were assessed. Red blood cell (RBC) (RBC, hematocrit, hemoglobin [HGB], mean corpuscular volume [MCV], mean corpuscular hemoglobin [MCH], and MCH concentration [MCHC]) and white blood cell (WBC) (WBC, lymphocytes, monocytes [MON], neutrophils [NEU], and eosinophils [EOS]) parameters were determined using a veterinary hematology analyzer. Robust linear regression models with MM-estimation were applied, with model selection based on Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, and root mean square error. Correlation analyses and hierarchical clustering were also performed to explore inter-parameter relationships. Results: Significant interindividual variation was noted, particularly among leukocyte indices (EOS, MON, NEU; coefficient of variation >50%). In contrast, MCH and MCV exhibited low variability. The geographic location was not statistically significant, suggesting environmental homogeneity across the sites. Dietary composition and BCS significantly influenced several hematological indices. Goats with higher BCS and mixed alfalfa-residue diets exhibited increased HGB and RBC counts, whereas younger goats showed higher MCHC values. Predictive equations were generated to estimate hematological values under specific management conditions. Conclusion: This study highlights the relevance of age, nutritional status, and body condition in modulating hematological values in Creole goats. The derived models and reference values can inform localized diagnostic criteria and enhance decision-making in goat health management under extensive systems. Future studies should incorporate seasonal, sex-based, and longitudinal analyses to refine predictive accuracy. Keywords: body condition score, creole goat, extensive production system, feeding regimen, hematological parameters, Peru, robust regression.

Endoparasitosis is a critical health challenge in the management of Creole goats under extensive production systems due to its negative impact on animal health and productivity. This study determined the occurrence of endoparasites and identified associated risk factors in Creole goats from the southern coast of Peru. Fecal samples were collected from 129 goats in two localities of the Pisco province to detect the presence of oocysts from Eimeria spp. and eggs from trichostrongyles, Skrjabinema spp., Trichuris spp., and Fasciola hepatica. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models and adjusted through bootstrapping and stepwise selection methods, with locality, feeding type, age, and body condition as predictive variables. The results revealed a high occurrence of Eimeria spp. (86.0%) and trichostrongyles (65.1%), while Fasciola hepatica (14.0%) and Skrjabinema spp. (7.0%) were exclusively identified in Independencia and San Clemente, respectively. Mixed infestations were predominant (65.9%), occurring more frequently in Independencia (75.9%) than in San Clemente (57.7%) (OR: 2.26, p < 0.05). The likelihood of infestation was significantly higher in Independencia for Eimeria spp. (OR: 5.72, p < 0.01) and Fasciola hepatica (OR: 61.4, p < 0.01). Moreover, goats fed exclusively on alfalfa were more likely to be infested with Fasciola hepatica compared to those fed a mixed diet of alfalfa and crop residues (OR: 0.06, p < 0.05). These findings underscore the necessity of implementing comprehensive health programs tailored to local management and feeding conditions.

Background. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a species of great importance in Peru due to its high nutritional value, wide diversity, and its significant contribution to the economic income of thousands of families involved in the production of this crop. Objective. To characterize the agromorphological diversity of 50 common bean accessions from Peru. Methodology. 21 qualitative and 17 quantitative traits were evaluated using descriptive analysis, multiple correspondence analysis, analysis of variance, Scott-Knott test, principal components analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierarchical clustering analysis using Euclidean distance and the Ward method. Results. The multiple correspondence analysis revealed greater diversity in the qualitative traits of the predominant color of the wings, the standard leaf blade, green pod color, as well as the predominant seed shape and primary seed color. In the quantitative traits, the following were observed: hypocotyl length, epicotyl length, pod width, pod apex length, days to flowering, 100-seed weight, and yield. The Pearson correlation coefficient showed positive correlations for pod length and width, seed length and width, and 100-seed weight. Principal components analysis indicated that the first two dimensions explained 47.6 % of the total variance, and five hierarchical groups were established. Implications. Describing the agromorphological diversity of common bean contributes to the knowledge of this species in Peru, which is essential for establishing mechanisms for its preservation. Conclusions. The diversity of common bean in Peru is notably explained by the variability of qualitative and quantitative traits, influenced mainly by its geographical origin, with accession PER013004 standing out for its productivity and early flowering.