Qiong Wang

Electroceuticals based on peripheral nerve stimulation offer promising treatment for refractory inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). For pediatric IBD (PIBD) patients, wireless, biodegradable miniaturized bioelectronic devices are crucial to prevent neural damage and support neural development during and after therapy. Here we demonstrate a battery-free, miniaturized neurostimulator based on biodegradable materials and capacitive-coupling wireless power transfer. The biodegradable capacitive-coupling (BCC) neurostimulator consists of molybdenum (Mo) electronic components and self-healing biodegradable polyurethane elastomer (SBPUE) encapsulations. The self-healing property of SBPUE enables a stable neural interface. Capacitive coupling wirelessly transfers high-frequency electric fields through a single capacitor between wearable transmitters and implanted BCC neurostimulators. Programmed electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve alleviates PIBD symptoms by restoring CD4 ⁺ T cell balance, enhancing anti-inflammatory effects and suppressing pro-inflammatory effects in the intestines.

Tissue engineering holds great potential for tissue repair and rejuvenation. Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) have recently emerged as a promising avenue in tissue engineering. However, there is an urgent need to understand how plant ELNs can be therapeutically applied in clinical disease management, especially for tissue regeneration. In this review, we comprehensively examine the properties, characteristics, and isolation techniques of plant ELNs. We also discuss their impact on the immune system, compatibility with the human body, and their role in tissue regeneration. To ensure the suitability of plant ELNs for tissue engineering, we explore various engineering and modification strategies. Additionally, we provide insights into the progress of commercialization and industrial perspectives on plant ELNs. This review aims to highlight the potential of plant ELNs in regenerative medicine by exploring the current research landscape and key findings.