A. Sabarivani

Complex systemic immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation in rheumatological diseases lead to long-term inflammation and morbidity, which are primarily controlled by systemic immunosuppressant agents with diverse effects, underscoring the need for more precise and innovative treatments. The unmatched specificity in targeting disease-driving genes and pathways makes small interfering RNA (siRNA) a transformative treatment approach. This review examines how siRNA can precisely transform the therapy of rheumatological diseases by targeting critical molecular pathways associated with inflammation, immunological dysregulation, and tissue damage. While this study elucidates siRNA therapies targeting inflammatory pathways to treat rheumatological diseases, it moves beyond the conventional therapeutic application of siRNAs targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines; it explicitly focuses on upstream signaling hubs within synovial fibroblasts, T cells, and plasma cells, as well as on non-inflammatory mechanisms that lead to bone damage. The review also integrates in vitro and in vivo, as well as preclinical siRNA studies, to identify the most promising targets and determine whether these siRNA modifications, combined with delivery systems, achieve body-wide and joint-specific immune-stromal network reprogramming through targeted delivery without causing total immune system breakdown.

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus represents a rapidly escalating global health challenge, with disproportionate impacts on racial and ethnic minority groups. Conventional diabetes management programs often fail to engage these populations due to a lack of cultural and linguistic relevance, contributing to persistent health disparities. Digital storytelling—particularly when culturally and linguistically tailored—has emerged as a promising, patient-centered approach for improving diabetes education and self-management. Methods This rapid systematic review, conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, examined empirical studies published from January 2015 to July 2025. Four databases (Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus) were searched using terms related to “digital,” “storytelling,” “diabetes,” “outcome,” “culture,” and “linguistic.” Eligible studies evaluated digital storytelling interventions for adults with Type 2 diabetes, explicitly incorporating cultural tailoring. Data were extracted and quality was assessed independently by two reviewers, focusing on clinical and patient-centered outcomes. Results Eight studies (n = 1,194), predominantly from the United States and one from China, met inclusion criteria. Participants were mainly females from ethnic minority backgrounds. Interventions utilizing culturally and linguistically tailored digital storytelling demonstrated statistically significant improvements in glycemic control, diabetes knowledge, and self-management behaviors. High satisfaction and engagement rates were reported, with most participants finding the approach motivating and relatable. Mechanisms underpinning effectiveness included the use of culturally resonant narratives, community input, and the integration of preferred languages. Common barriers included limited provider training and patient access to technology. Conclusions Culturally and linguistically tailored digital storytelling interventions enhance diabetes self-management and clinical outcomes among diverse populations, bridging gaps left by traditional education models. Healthcare systems should prioritize such narrative-based, patient-centered approaches to advance health equity. Future research should employ robust designs and involve broader populations to validate and extend these findings.