M. V. Chebotareva

This literature review is devoted to one of the most challenging problems of ophthalmology — neuroprotective and neuroregenerative treatment of glaucoma and consists of two parts. The second part of the review deals with the role of glia, inflammation and autoimmunization in the pathogenesis of neuroretinal degeneration in glaucoma optic neuropathy (GON), new treatment strategies based on modern achievements of gene and immunotherapy. Special attention is paid to promising therapeutic approaches based on artificial intelligence application, usage of peptide bioregulators, immunomodulators and mixed-action drugs. Alternative methods of axonal regeneration, including gene therapy and stem cell therapy, are discussed.

This literature review is devoted to one of the most complex ophthalmology problems — neuroprotective and neuroregenerative treatment of glaucoma and consists of two parts. The first part considers the main mechanisms of neurodegeneration and the main aspects of therapeutic control related to these mechanisms (excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress). The main aim of the conducted literature analysis is to provide a comprehensive overview of both existing neuroprotective strategies and promising areas of therapy based on neuroprotective agents in the potential treatment of glaucoma. A wide range of approaches to neuroprotection demonstrates the great potential for effective treatment of neurodegeneration in order to preserve visual functions in patients with glaucoma.