Muhammad Hasan

Organizational survival, growth, and sustainability depend on employees' positive attitudes and behavior toward the organizations and jobs. Factors such as authentic leadership style and procedural justice can affect procedural justice and emotional exhaustion. There are many studies on authentic leadership, but a few have examined the moderating effect of procedural justice and emotional demand. Thus we have developed and empirically tested a conceptual framework that, besides direct, mediating, and moderating relationships, also has a mediating-moderating relationship. COVID 19 has adversely effected the banking industry of Pakistan. To assess the influence of authentic leadership on employees’ wellbeing, we collected the data post COVID 19. We have focused on the banking sector of Karachi, as it is highly competitive with a high turnover intention. Pre-recruited enumerators distributed 450 non-randomly and received 415 questionnaires with a response rate of 92%, appropriate for a study of this magnitude post COVID 19 period. The study found that authentic leadership passively affects employee empowerment, reduces emotional exhaustion, and positively affects procedural justice. The results do not support the association between procedural justice and emotional exhaustion. At the same time, we found the procedural justice moderates authentic leadership and employee empowerment. The study also validated the moderating role of emotional exhaustion. But we could not find support on the mediating role of perceived justice on authentic leadership and emotional exhaustion.

The factors impacting the technological efficiency of cash and staple crop production in South Asian countries are investigated in this study. With the worldwide food crisis and impending food inflation, the importance of agriculture and its impact on social welfare is highlighted. A meta-analysis of published research articles from 2000 to 2022 finds that the agricultural industry in South Asia has an overall technical efficiency of 76%. In descriptive analysis three models are used such as methodological model, crop-wise model and countries wise model. In empirical analysis first two models are estimated through OLS, Tobit and Truncated regression analysis. In this study 95 articles published on South Asian cropping sector i.e. wheat, rice, sugar-cane and cotton have been selected for meta-analysis. The meta-analysis findings suggest substantial untapped potential in South Asia's farm sector, highlighting a need for development. To maximize the efficiency of present growth programms, the government must carefully analyze and redirect them. By doing so, the agriculture sector may attain its maximum productivity while also contributing to the region's general agricultural development.

Online banking is a source of executing all banking operations on a virtual basis; that means there is no need to visit the bank physically for any transaction or payment against utilities. This research has explored the scope of online banking in Pakistan, focusing on how depositors' behaviors influence their adoption of online banking services. The present study, therefore, has attempted to give an idea about the factors responsible for the engagement of users and their satisfaction in digital banking platforms in this context. The data used in this paper is primary in nature and has been collected through a structured survey with questionnaires from 234 participants comprising a diverse sample of students, professionals, and ordinary citizens. The research findings revealed that Cyber Security was the most influencing factor upon customer satisfaction; there was also a high correlation between perceived security measures and good user experiences. This result gave the leading role of robust security protocols a great significance in gaining confidence and encouraging people to use online banking services. In contrast, the influence of Financial Literacy on the level of satisfaction with online banking was statistically insignificant; while financial education is very important, it is not as central in shaping the user experience, at least when questions of security dominate. The findings of this study revealed that financial institutions in Pakistan need to give consideration to the enhancement of security and addressing customer's data protection concerns in order to develop a better level of satisfaction and increase online banking adoption. The non-significant influence of Financial Literacy suggests that further research is required for a better understanding of how financial literacy interacts with other influences on online banking. Future research should give more attention to these relationships and also consider the possible indirect influences of financial literacy on user engagement in the services of digital banking.

This paper contributes to the volume of existing literature on online shopping behavior with a focus on apparel. Thereafter, it identifies the following key drivers of online purchases of clothing: brand engagement, perceived security, perceived value, customer satisfaction, and fashion trends. These factors are important in understanding how consumers would behave in an online purchase setting and thus form a significant part of the literature. Besides, the study investigates how trust and efficiency in terms of time and cost decrease the perceived value-a very important factor within information and communication technology research studies. The perceived value has been considered one of the major driving forces of e-commerce decisions, which involves online purchasing behavior. It also investigates the effect of trust in online transactions on consumers' purchase intentions; there is a need to understand those elements that build up trust, especially in the fashion industry.

This study uses 62 years of data, from 1960 to 2021, including variables like deposits, interest rates, GDP, and inflation, to investigate the link between interest rates and deposit behavior in non-Islamic banks in Pakistan. The study finds that interest rates have a big influence on deposit behavior using time series analytic techniques as unit root testing, cointegration analysis, and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). More specifically, people's decisions to deposit money in non-Islamic banks are observed to be influenced by interest rate variations. The results highlight the importance of interest rate changes in influencing deposit behavior, showing how people choose which non-Islamic institutions to deposit money with. These findings have significance for financial institutions, policymakers, and economists in general. They provide important new information about the ways in which monetary policy choices affect deposit mobilization and liquidity conditions in the banking industry. The report also proposes directions for further investigation, including the possible examination of differences in deposit behavior between demographic groupings or geographical areas. To further help understand the dynamics at work, it also suggests examining how interest rates affect deposits in various sample configurations. This research advances theoretical frameworks in the field by shedding light on the complex interactions between interest rates and deposit behavior. It also offers stakeholders practical guidance on how to deal with the effects of interest rate dynamics on deposit mobilization and banking sector liquidity.

The study focusses on historical perspective, contemporary historical perspective as well as futurologist perspective of Sino-India relations, economic development and bilateral trade. The economic growth has been examined with the interaction effect of Belt & Road Initiative. The purpose of this study is to find out the reasons of correlation between Sino-India economic growth patterns for last two thousand years as well as making recommendations for the optimal level of the relations in the region in the emerging century of East. The study further aims to examine the cross-country impact of infrastructure development on other countries. A total of thirty countries which are a part of Belt and Road Initiative were selected. The data is collected from World Bank Database from 1990 to 2019 (n=900). The data were analyzed using penal data regression models (fixed random effect regression models) to test the effect of macro-economic variables on economic growth, while hierarchical moderated regression analysis was used to determine the moderating effect of Belt and Road Initiative on the economic growth of participating economies. Belt & Road Initiative significantly moderate the relationship of economic growth with its factors. Therefore, we conclude that Belt & Road is pivotal for economic growth of region. In the century of Asia, China and India must understand that trade cooperation and congenial relations with in the region is beneficial for all the stakeholders in Asian Region while West and USA want to utilize India to halt the progress in the region and converting India a leading state to fight with China in the best interest of West. The only resolvable issues in Sino-India relations are border marketing in Tibrt, Arnachal Perdesh and Kashmir which are not only hampering the economic growth of these areas but also deviating the focus from economic growth towards militarization of the region. The limitations of this article is that the idea of Belt & Road was initiated in 2013 and different countries have joined BRI in different years. We have taken only those countries which have become a part of BRI till 2017. Another limitation is that we have selected few macroeconomic and social variables to test their effect on economic growth. We have selected those variables which are important for developing economies since majority of countries in BRI are developing. It is a unique study from the perspective, that it is using the available and estimated GDP of last two thousand years to find out the correlation between China’s and India’s economic growth and based on empirical analysis rather than theoretical one, suggesting the optimal level of relationship between China and India, why active participation of Betl & Road Initiative (BRI) by India is necessary for India’s growth.

Earning quality of organization depends upon the audit quality and could be achieved using auditors’ expertise and firm size and this aspect demands the emphasis of new researchers. Hence, the current article investigates the effects of auditors’ independence, audit firm size and auditors’ financial expertise on earning quality of the manufacturing industry in Malaysia. The article also explores the mediating role of audit quality among auditors’ independence, audit firm size, auditors’ financial expertise and earning quality of the manufacturing industry in Malaysia. The study gets the data from the audit department of Malaysian manufacturing companies. The article checks the nexus among variables using smart-PLS. The outcomes revealed that the auditors’ independence, audit firm size and auditors’ financial expertise have a positive association with earning quality. The outcomes also exposed that audit quality significantly mediates among auditors’ independence, audit firm size, auditors’ financial expertise and earning quality of the manufacturing industry in Malaysia. The regulators could get the guidelines to achieve high quality earnings and audits using auditors’ independence and financial expertise.

The Increasing trend of globalization and stock volatility attracts academic researchers to investigate the causes. As the economic globalization has radically increased, there is a need to know more about corporate governance. The shareholder's pattern of firms gives an understanding of corporate control and good governance. These aspects provide the researcher with an explanation of how shareholder behavior may influence the market volatility and valuation. To analyze the impact of the firm’s ownership structure on market performance of firm, the ownership structure is decomposed by the percentage of equity. Whereas market to book ratio and stock volatility for market performance. We use the sample of 192 companies, from the period of 2006 to 2018. The study used different suitable statistical technique such as “correlation, multiple regression analysis”. The statistical analysis indicates that foreign ownership significantly reduces the stock volatility and enhances the firm’s stock valuation compared to its book value. Director ownership is a cause of rising stock volatility and it could not play a significant role in enhancing firm’s stock valuation. This research will also provide the critical recommendation for academics and for economic growth.

This article aims to provide deep insight towards the basic understanding of intellectual capital disclosure specifically from the perspective of human capital disclosure. This study reviews the article and primarily focuses on a systematic review of past studies on human capital disclosure. There is a perception among potential investors that intellectual capital information shared by corporate companies is diverse in characteristics. In many developing economies, the government heavily influences corporate culture companies to abide by accounting and corporate practices in the modern world. However, from the investor perspective, the intellectual capital information tends to be net investee; therefore, their emphasis is mostly on corporate information supply. This article summarizes corporate information disclosure and provides the connection between the social, corporate and accounting practices in developing economies.

The global financial markets have been significantly affected by the rapid change in technology. The study is an attempt to get to know the barriers to not adopting algorithmic trading in conventional stock exchanges. This research aims to plan and analytically proposed a model for explaining the reasons why frontier stock exchange traders and investors are hesitant to adopt algorithmic trading as a tool. The research includes variables; Lack of awareness, Trust, Lack of Government interest, unemployment, and unnecessary investment, which were extracted from previously available literature based on the theory of reason and technology acceptance model (TAM). A sample of 50 traders/investors from Pakistan stock markets was taken by using convenience sampling. Data was collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using correlation and linear regression techniques. The results show trust factor is the biggest hurdle in implementing Algorithm Trading which means countries like Pakistan which are following conventional methods for trading in stock markets have great doubts about the efficiency of Algorithm base trading because of the less human interaction and dependency on machines. Fear of miscalculation and the inexperience of data engineers are also one of the reasons conventional stock exchanges are reluctant to adopt algorithm trading. Similarly, variables like Lack of Government interest, unnecessary investment, and employment have a significant effect on the implementation of algorithm trading. Moreover, lack of awareness is the least significant factor, which shows the traders and investors in the Pakistan Stock Exchange are well aware of algorithm trading but the results cannot be generalized to the population due to a limited sample size of the study.