Larissa Oliveira Nascimento

Objetivo: Diante do grande crescimento do diagnóstico de pessoas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA), o presente estudo tem como propósito: (1) analisar os efeitos e as contribuições da atividade física na socialização. (2) Desenvolvimento motor de pessoas autistas nas diversas faixas etárias. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com buscas realizadas nas bases PubMed® e Google Acadêmico, entre 2014 e 2024. Foram utilizados os descritores “Transtorno do Espectro Autista”, “Exercício Físico”, “Promoção da Saúde” e “Atividade Física”, combinados por operadores booleanos. Aplicaram-se critérios de inclusão e exclusão para seleção dos estudos. Resultados: A prática regular de atividade física, supervisionada por profissionais, mostrou-se eficaz na redução do índice de massa corporal, na melhora da saúde mental e no desenvolvimento de habilidades sociais e comunicativas em pessoas com TEA, especialmente em crianças e adolescentes. Observou-se, porém, a carência de estudos voltados às populações adulta e idosa. Discussão: Os achados reforçam o potencial da atividade física como ferramenta terapêutica multidimensional, capaz de promover autonomia, inclusão social e bem-estar. Contudo, a heterogeneidade metodológica e a baixa representatividade de estudos com adultos e idosos limitam a generalização dos resultados, destacando a necessidade de mais pesquisas interdisciplinares. Conclusão: A atividade física representa uma intervenção segura, eficaz e com forte potencial de impacto na qualidade de vida de pessoas com TEA. Recomenda-se o fortalecimento das evidências em todas as faixas etárias, especialmente em contextos de envelhecimento.

Racism have been directed associated with social discrimination of black women caused by racial exclusion. We aimed to visualize the state-of-the-art black women and social and racial discrimination. A total of 214 English-language publications were analysis, comprising articles, books review, editorial, letter, meeting abstract, proceeding papers and reviews, sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection database spanning from January 1977 to May 2024. The results revealed: (1) Cultural Diversity & Ethnic minority psychology journal has published the most studies. The University of Michigan and University of California play the most important role in research related to black woman and social and racial discrimination. The USA is the main publishing country with significant academic influence. (2) Seanna Leath, Jioni A Lewis, J Camille Hall are the leading scholars in black women and social and racial discrimination. Regarding local impact per author, using the H-index, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Frontiers in Psychiatry appeared to be the most relevant. (3) The research frontier of black women and social and racial discrimination has significantly shifted from focusing on community, racism, intersectionality, structural racism, and discrimination.

To investigate the relationship between physical activity and depression in the context of (T2D) and to analyze this influence for managing and preventing depression in individuals with this condition. Cross-sectional survey with a total of 200 T2D and 50 controls aged between 40 to 60 years agreed to participate and were interviewed and all variables were measured concurrently. A subsample of 61 depressive patients was studied. Depressive symptoms was evaluated by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II ≥ 12). Physical activity was evaluated by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) by the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), comorbidity severity by the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Excessive Sleepiness Sleepiness was evaluted by Excessive Sleepiness Scale (ESS). The prevalence of Restless Leg Syndrome was analyzed using Restless Leg Syndrome rating scale (RLSRS). Sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The questionnaires were done in a face-to-face interview by two health professional’s staff. The presence of depressive symptoms influenced quality of life, antrometric measures and peripheral neuropathy. A subsample of 61 (30%) depressive TD2 and 139 patients without depressive symptoms were studied. Waist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were higher in patients with depression compared to T2D without depression (WC: p= 0.04 and p=0.03). Interestingly, in T2D depressive individuals, all subscales of SF-36 presented more impairment compared to T2D without depression (p<0.01) and to control group (p=0.000). According to physical activity in depressive T2D, sedentary patients had increased neck circumference (p=0.008), WC (p=0.005) and WHR (p=0.02). Similarly, peripheral neuropathy and hypertension were more frequently in sedentary T2D patients (p=0.01 and p=0.03).