Еркин Крыкбаев

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) plays a key role in the body’s immune response, its high specificity to antigens and effectiveness in neutralizing pathogens make it a valuable tool in medical and scientific research. Horses are a source of significant amounts of IgG, but their purification to a level suitable for clinical or scientific use re[1]quires specialized methods. Development of chromatographic purification modes for immunoglobulin G (IgG) from the serum of horses hyperimmunized with rabies antigen will allow standardizing the technolo[1]gy in accordance with international quality and safety standards for the production and control of immunobiological medicines, vaccines and diagnostic test systems. Development of step-by-step modes and procedures for chromatographic purification of the serum of horses hyperimmunized with rabies antigen from the CVS-11 strain, with an assessment of the efficiency of the purification technology, protein yield and purity. The study used serological methods for obtaining and preparing serum from hyperimmunized horses, as well as biotechnological methods of gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography and subsequent electrophoresis. The practical significance of the study may allow developing technologies for obtaining immunobiological preparations based on immunoglobulins, and can be used in the fields of medicine, bio[1]technology and scientific research that require the use of highly purified immunoglobulins. According to the presented purification technology, immunoglobulins weighing 150 kDa were obtained, which under reducing conditions are divided into 2 light chains (28 kDa) and 2 heavy chains (55 kDa).

Frequent inoculation of reference strains and subcultures during strain storage leads to a change in the morpho-physiological properties of the pathogen, so it is important to study the main biological properties of live reference vaccine strains during long-term storage. As is known from literary sources, R- and S-forms differ in their morphological characteristics, the R-form produces long threads, the S-form produces single or paired rods. Type R in broth gives a scaly deposit, but the broth remains transparent, whereas type S results in uniform turbidity of the broth with an amorphous deposit. On agar, R-form colonies look like jellyfish heads, and S-form colonies are flat with smooth edges. The study on the main biological properties of B. anthracis variants is of practical interest for the production of veterinary drugs. It has been established that under favorable environmental conditions, spores pass into a vegetative form and revert to spores again in early autumn. In the body of animals and humans, anthrax bacilli form capsules. Capsules also form in culture media containing blood, serum, egg white or brain tissue. As a result of the studies, the biological properties of the B. anthracis Sterne 34 F2 strain were determined in various nutrient media, with an assessment of the morpho-physiological characteristics. The study used microbiological research methods, including inoculation and control of cultivation in nutrient media. The practical significance of the study is stemmed from optimization of the production of vaccines and diagnostic test systems, allowing for maximum production of antigen components.

The purpose of this work is a comparative analysis of radiological signs in cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE) and pneumonia in cats to clarify the differential diagnosis of these two conditions. Both pathological processes have similar clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, wheezing, decreased activity, which makes it difficult to make a diagnosis based only on a physical examination. In this regard, chest radiography remains one of the key diagnostic methods that allows visualizing the nature of pathological changes in the pulmonary parenchyma and heart structure. During the study, radiographs of cats with confirmed diagnoses of CPE and pneumonia obtained at the laboratory of LTD "EQUI LAB" were analyzed. The main research methods were a visual assessment of radiographic signs, including the degree of cardiomegaly, features of the vascular pattern, the nature and distribution of darkening in the lungs. The presence of pleural effusion and additional signs, such as displacement of the trachea and possible formations in the chest cavity, were also assessed. Based on the analysis, typical radiographic patterns characteristic of CPE (interstitial-alveolar pattern, symmetrical distribution, enlargement of the left atrium) and pneumonia (focal and asymmetrical alveolar infiltrates, bronchial and interstitial changes) were identified. The practical significance of the work lies in improving the quality of diagnostics due to the standardization of radiographic criteria and increasing the differential accuracy in interpreting radiographs. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the systematic comparison of images and the identification of visual landmarks that allow preliminary differentiation of pathologies even in complex clinical cases.

This paper presents research findings on the impact of dissolved oxygen levels on the spore formation of B. subtilis during submerged cultivation in a bioreactor. The experiments analyzed both static and dynamic oxygen levels. The study revealed that oxygenation changes significantly affect the kinetics and yield of B. subtilis spores. When static DO values ranged from 0% to 50%, the process proved economically inefficient, with either non-viable bacteria at the end of the cycle or a spore yield that was not cost-effective. Conversely, DO levels from 50% to 0% resulted in rapid spore formation, followed by a shift from sporulation form back to vegetative form. The research identified the optimal dissolved oxygen range for cultivation as a dynamic cycle between 0% and 50%, where sporulation occurred after 36 hours, with spores comprising 95% of the total bacterial mass. This study broadens our understanding of biotechnological growth factors in bioreactor systems. Microbiological and biotechnological methods were used for submerged cultivation in bioreactors, along with physicochemical monitoring of dissolved oxygen. The practical relevance of this study lies in its potential application in controlling the cultivation of this microorganism for industrial biotechnological processes.

Целью проведенных исследований является определение чувствительности и специ­фичности разработанной тест-системы в реакции иммунофлюоресценции как одного из методов диагностики Trypanosomaevansi. Новизной тест-системы является применение местного изоля­та трипаносом, что позволит повысить диагностическую ценность и специфичность, с дальнейшим производством в соответствии с международными стандартами GMP, что будет гарантией качества и безопасности проводимых исследований. В работе использовались паразитологические методы исследования и серологические методы постановки реакции иммунофлюоресцении в различных концентрациях. В результате проведенных исследований подтверждена высокая чувствительность и специфичность реакции флюоресценции в отношении штамма Trypanosomaevansi. Диагности­ческий иммуноглобулин высокочувствителен к трипаносомам в концентрациях 1:1 и 1:10 в зелено-желтом и сине-фиолетовом спектрах. Специфичность диагностического иммуноглобулина подтверждена отсутствием реакции с форменными элементами крови лошадей, а также с штаммом T. equiperdum, в котором видно свечение лишь в оболочке и ундулирующей мембране. Применение разработанной тест-системы показывает потенциал реакции иммунофлюоресцен­ции в современной практической ветеринарной серологии и паразитологии, а также позволит внести вклад в борьбу с трипаносомозами лошадей в Республике Казахстан.