Fulong Liu

Empirical evidence for AI formative assessment combined with gamification remains scarce in subjective aesthetic disciplines. This study examined whether such integration enhances metacognitive regulation in undergraduate color education and whether the effect is conditional on learners’ prior AI credibility belief. A four-arm, four-wave cluster-randomized controlled trial (N = 540, 24 classes, eight cross-allocated teachers) compared gamification with AI feedback, gamification with dose-matched human feedback, gamification only, and traditional instruction; the primary outcome was metacognitive regulation measured 4 weeks post-intervention. Gamification produced a small-to-medium effect over traditional instruction (d = 0.34, p_Holm = 0.015). AI and human feedback did not differ on average (d = 0.07; underpowered). Autoregressive mediation confirmed metacognitive regulation as a longitudinal mediator of intervention effects on motivation and achievement. On an exploratory basis, prior AI credibility belief moderated the AI-versus-human indirect effect on motivation (p_Holm = 0.034) but not achievement (p_Holm = 0.054), with higher-belief learners benefiting; given the limited power of the AI-versus-human comparison, this conditional pattern is reported as a tentative finding rather than as confirmatory evidence. These findings extend self-determination theory and the self-regulated learning framework to aesthetic education and provide preliminary support for the deployment of prior-trust-aware AI feedback, pending replication.

As a primary energy consumer and carbon emitter, the construction industry (CI) faces a growing conflict between traditional energy-intensive growth models and global sustainable development goals. To promote the sustainable development of the CI, this study establishes a sequential analytical framework following the logic of “coupling evaluation–driving force identification–causal inference” across 30 developed economies (DE) from 2000 to 2022. Initially, the coupling coordination degree (CCD) between the economic and environmental systems of the CI was evaluated, utilizing the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) to characterize the transition from relative to absolute decoupling. The results show that the economy and the environment in the construction industry (CEECI) for DE is generally high (0.70–0.90). Subsequently, based on Green Innovation Growth (GIG) theory, Panel Data Analysis (PDA) is employed to identify the key drivers of the coupling between the economy and CEECI. The results show that for every 1% increase in per capita GDP, CEECI increases by approximately 0.035; for every 1% increase in science and technology investment (ST Inv), CEECI increases by 0.045; and for every 1 unit increase in building energy use (BEU), CEECI decreases by 0.008. Furthermore, Granger causality analysis (GCA) was used to examine the bidirectional predictive relationship. Furthermore, there is a two-way correlation between GDP and CEECI, and a one-way correlation between CEECI and ST Inv. Overall, our results show that further decoupling requires innovation, not just economic growth; therefore, the CI should optimize its industrial structure, prioritize technological innovation, strengthen lifecycle energy management, and promote coordinated global CI improvement.

This study investigates how traditional versus modern Chinese ink painting styles in tourism advertisements affect viewers’ visual attention, aesthetic evaluations, and tourism intentions. Using eye-tracking experiments combined with surveys and interviews, the researchers conducted a mixed-design experiment with 80 Chinese college students. Results indicate that traditional ink-style advertisements attracted longer total fixation durations, higher aesthetic evaluations, and stronger cultural resonance in natural landscape contexts, while modern ink-style advertisements captured initial attention more quickly and performed better aesthetically in urban settings. Qualitative analyses further revealed cultural familiarity and aesthetic resonance underpinning preferences for traditional style, whereas modern style mainly attracted attention through novelty and creativity. These findings expand Cultural Schema Theory and the aesthetic processing model within advertising research, suggesting practical strategies for tourism advertising to match visual styles appropriately with destination types and audience characteristics to enhance promotional effectiveness.

In contemporary artistic discourse, Dissociative Identity Disorder has emerged as a significant focus of cultural exploration. While the human body serves as a cultural vessel for expressing mental states through artistic mediums, traditional Chinese ink painting—despite its rich cultural heritage—has historically limited visual representation of the human form, creating a gap in artistic dialogue about mental health. This artistic research employs studio practice methodology to bridge traditional Chinese artistic elements with contemporary visual expression of the human body, specifically examining Dissociative Identity Disorder through a cultural lens. The findings demonstrate that through cultural innovation while preserving the essence of Chinese ink painting traditions, the human form can be effectively rendered to portray the psychological manifestations of Dissociative Identity Disorder. This artistic exploration not only expands the cultural vocabulary of Chinese ink painting but also creates a new artistic paradigm for its evolution in contemporary cultural discourse.