Manuel Parajón Víscido

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is presented as a safe, effective, and time-efficient strategy for individuals with type 1 diabetes, offering benefits for glycemic control, cardiovascular function, and physical fitness, with a lower risk of hypoglycemia than other exercise modalities. However, substantial variability exists among protocols, and there is no consensus on optimal dosage. This study reviewed 18 investigations to identify key parameters for safe and effective implementation. Results emphasize the importance of individualized programming, adherence to protocols, frequent glucose monitoring, and professional supervision. A preliminary framework is proposed to guide personalized HIIT programs for people with type 1 diabetes.

Subjects with low back pain (LBP) have shown different responses to fatigue compared to healthy individuals. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the connectivity of the multifidus muscles using intermuscular coherence (IMC) in a squat protocol between healthy subjects and a subject with a history of low back pain. The protocol consisted of three sets of squats, with the final set performed with as many repetitions as possible to induce muscular fatigue. The findings indicated that IMC decreased among healthy subjects during the last repetitions of the squat series, with percentage changes in connectivity (CC) ranging from approximately 43.3% to 67.3% when comparing the first and last 10 repetitions. In contrast, the subject with a history of low back pain (LBP) exhibited an opposite trend, showing a 41.8% increase in IMC. These results suggest a different response of IMC to fatigue related to LBP. This also establishes IMC as a potentially useful tool for characterizing fatigue and LBP during physical exercise.

This pilot study investigates the relationship between gesture intuitiveness and muscle network efficiency in human–machine interactions (HMIs), emphasizing objective neurophysiological measures. EMG signals from 16 muscles were analyzed to construct muscle networks based on synergies derived from non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) and intermuscular coherence (IMC) across three frequency bands. Metrics such as weighted global efficiency (WGE) and effective average strength (EAS) were correlated with gesture intuitiveness levels. Preliminary results suggest that WGE and EAS in synergy-based muscle networks, particularly in the Gamma 1 band, may be associated with perceived gesture intuitiveness (p = 0.10 and 0.05, respectively). These findings suggest the potential utility of neurophysiological metrics to support the assessment of intuitive gestures, warranting further investigation with broader samples.

Hamstring muscle tears are among the most prevalent sports injuries. The occurrence of muscle injuries has been demonstrated to result in alterations to the movement control system, thus prompting the implementation of compensatory strategies. The potential for in-depth study of these adaptive or compensatory strategies for injuries is made possible by the use of electrophysiological biomarkers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current evidence concerning the analysis of electrophysiological biomarkers in research conducted on subjects with a history of hamstring injury (HSI) on sprinting tasks. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, and five articles were selected based on a rigorous set of selection criteria. The heterogeneity of the results precludes the establishment of broad generalisations regarding hamstring muscle activity during running or sprinting. Notwithstanding these discrepancies, individuals with a history of hamstring injury have been shown to consistently exhibit altered EMG patterns. In order to enhance our comprehension of the neural strategies underpinning movement, it is imperative to employ methodologies that transcend the limitations of EMG amplitude measures.