Congjun Zhang

Hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) cancers affect human health and impose a significant burden on older adults. However, a comprehensive assessment of the glob

To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Almonertinib in EGFR-mutant advanced NSCLC patients with different nutritional statuses. Clinical data from 56 patients with advanced EGFR-mutant NSCLC admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from April 2021 to April 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were stratified into two groups based on nutritional risk (nutritional risk group, n = 30; non-risk group, n = 26) and into two groups based on malnutrition status (malnutrition group, n = 35; regular nutrition group, n = 21). Kaplan–Meier methods were used to plot survival curves, the Chi-square test was employed to evaluate clinical efficacy, and Cox regression analysis was applied to identify factors associated with adverse reactions. Patients in the nutritional risk group had a median progression-free survival (mPFS) of 12.8 months (95% CI: 9.146–16.454), which was shorter than that of the non-risk group (mPFS: 19.7 months; 95% CI: 12.234–27.166), showing statistical significance (P = 0.049). However, there was no significant difference in median overall survival (mOS) between the two groups (P = 0.546). In the malnutrition group, patients had an mPFS of 12.6 months (95% CI: 9.648–15.552) and an mOS of 29.8 months (95% CI: 24.476–35.124), both significantly shorter than those of the regular nutrition group (mPFS: 19.7 months, 95% CI: 13.097–26.303; mOS: 32.1 months, 95% CI: 23.781–40.419) (P = 0.034 and P = 0.046, respectively). There was no significant difference in objective response rate (ORR) between groups (P > 0.05). Serum albumin levels were independently associated with the incidence of adverse reactions (P = 0.003; HR: 7.194, 95% CI: 1.925–26.886). Almonertinib demonstrates favorable efficacy and safety in treating advanced NSCLC patients with malnutrition or nutritional risk accompanying EGFR mutations. The shortened PFS observed in cachectic patients may reflect accelerated disease progression related to poor nutritional status rather than Almonertinib-specific resistance. Moreover, mild to moderate anxiety was observed in all patients receiving Almonertinib, underscoring the importance of incorporating psychological support in cancer care.

Evidence suggests a potential link between metabolic dysfunction and head and neck cancer (HNC). This study investigates the potential causal relationships between metabolic dysfunction and HNC using genetic data. While no significant causal associations were identified between metabolic indicators and HNC risk, the research revealed that inhibition of certain genes could reduce cancer risk. Specifically, inhibiting sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SLC5A2) was associated with a decreased risk of HNC and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC), while ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11 inhibition was linked to a reduced risk of oral cavity cancer. Additionally, inhibiting SLC5A1 and voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 showed a connection to lower OPC risk. These findings suggest that targeting these genes could offer promising therapeutic strategies for preventing and treating HNC, as well as improving both preoperative and postoperative management in affected patients.