Gabriele Martin

Background: Osteoporosis (OP) is a chronic disease characterized by decreased bone mass and altered microarchitecture, leading to bone fragility and fracture risk. To date, although carbohydrate-binding proteins Galectins 1 and 3 (Gal-1/Gal-3) have been implicated in bone metabolism, inflammation and aging, their levels and potential regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs) have not yet been investigated in OP. Methods: In this pilot study, 13 osteoporotic (OP) and 10 non-osteoporotic (NOP) patients, all undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty, were enrolled. Due to the unavailability of DXA measurements, OP classification was based on cortical bone ratio and distal femoral cortical index. Clinical parameters and blood samples were collected preoperatively, while bone biopsies were obtained intraoperatively. ELISA and qRT-PCR were used to quantify Gal-1, Gal-3, miR-22 and miR-21 in bones and sera. Correlations with clinical parameters were assessed. Results: Several OP biopsies exhibited a reduction in Gal-1 levels, whereas miR-22, Gal-3 and miR-21 were increased. Serum analysis revealed similar dysregulation patterns, with increased miR-21 and decreased Gal-1 and miR-22 levels in several OP patients. Conclusions: This pilot study suggests a putative association of Gal-1, Gal-3, and their previously reported related miRNAs with osteoporotic bone status, indicating their potential involvement in OP-related bone metabolism.

Osteoporosis (OP) is a chronic disease characterized by reduced bone mass and altered microarchitecture, leading to bone fragility and fractures. Due to its high morbidity, disability, and healthcare costs, identifying new biomarkers and therapeutic strategies is crucial for improving OP diagnosis and prevention. In this context, this narrative review aims to depict the role of carbohydrate-binding proteins Galectins (Gals) in the combined processes of inflammation and aging contributing to bone fragility by exploring their potential as novel therapeutic targets for OP.