Shuai Zhang

This paper presents a binocular stereovision method for reconstructing the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the occupant’s ear, as a laboratory proof-of-concept for future in-vehicle acoustic applications. The binocular system is calibrated using a two-step radial alignment constraint. For robust detection, a coarse-to-fine cascade fuses skin-color, geometric, and contour features, where the skin-color model updates online with a forgetting factor to adapt to illumination while contour matching outputs a confidence score. Scale-invariant feature transform points are extracted and ranked by importance, and stereo-matching is guided by a Kalman-predicted dynamic search window. Match verification is achieved via nearest-neighbor ratio, epipolar geometric consistency, and disparity continuity. An adaptive Kalman filter smooths target positions on the two-dimensional image planes, after which smoothed coordinates are triangulated into three-dimensional spatial coordinates. Both process and observation noise covariances are adaptively adjusted according to estimated acceleration and detection confidence, and the Mahalanobis distance triggers a full-image re-detection upon tracking loss. Experimental results for a seated participant under simplified in-vehicle conditions show tracking accuracy within five millimeters and a progressive stereo-matching time of about forty-five milliseconds. These results support the feasibility of the proposed framework for future in-vehicle acoustic applications.

With the rapid development of electric vehicles, the issue of wiper–windshield friction noise has become more prominent. However, limitations in the hardware and software configurations of existing experimental systems restrict in-depth studies of frictional vibration and noise mechanisms. This study develops an experimental system with functions for working condition adjustment, data acquisition, and analysis of wiper–windshield frictional vibration and noise. First, the overall design of the wiper–windshield experimental system is described. The system allows adjustment of the motion gear and friction coefficient and facilitates data collection and analysis of pressure, vibration, and noise. The design includes the mechanical structure, electronic and electrical components, and software system of the experimental setup. A PLC control program (lower computer) and human–computer interaction software (upper computer) based on LabVIEW are developed to drive and control the mechanical structure, enabling working condition adjustment, data acquisition, and analysis. Finally, an experimental scheme is implemented to verify the feasibility of the wiper–windshield experimental system. Mechanical property, vibration, and noise data from the wiper are collected by simulating the operating conditions of a real vehicle. The experimental results demonstrate that the designed wiper–windshield experimental system can adjust various working conditions and support the collection and analysis of diverse data, facilitating theoretical research on the generation mechanism, influence rules, and control methods for wiper–windshield frictional vibration and noise.