Geamiley Anggeline Atencio Valdez

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents one of the most complex neurodegenerative disorders, demanding a transition from symptom-based management toward biologically informed, patient-centered precision medicine. This review analyzes recent advances in molecular biomarkers, proteomic profiling, and monoclonal antibody therapies, integrating global evidence and expert consensus from Mexico, Colombia, and Ecuador. A systematic analysis of 24 high-impact studies published between 2018 and 2025 demonstrated that plasma and CSF biomarkers—especially p-tau217, p-tau181, and proteomic signatures—provide exceptional accuracy for early diagnosis and disease staging, surpassing traditional clinical criteria. Evidence from phase 3 trials with lecanemab and donanemab confirmed that amyloid-targeted therapies can significantly slow cognitive and functional decline when guided by validated biomarkers. Complementary Delphi consensus findings revealed strong expert agreement on adopting p-tau217 as a first-line test, incorporating APOE genotyping and MRI safety monitoring, and ensuring ethical and equitable implementation of precision medicine in Latin America. This review concludes that Alzheimer’s research is undergoing a paradigm shift toward molecular definition, individualized therapy, and ethically responsible innovation. Future efforts should focus on expanding biomarker validation in diverse populations, integrating artificial intelligence for real-time monitoring, and reinforcing multidisciplinary education. Precision medicine thus represents not only a scientific advance but also an ethical and social commitment to global equity in dementia care.

Surgical resection remains the main curative option for many solid tumors, but recurrence is still high due to micrometastatic disease that conventional surgery alone cannot fully remove. Precision oncology now makes it possible to integrate genomic biomarkers and personalized immunological strategies to improve surgical results. This study evaluated combining genomic profiling and personalized neoantigen-based vaccines as perioperative adjuvants to lower recurrence and extend disease-free survival. A documentary, statistical, and experimental approach identified frequent mutations and assessed their immunogenic potential. A binding affinity heatmap predicted interactions between neoantigens and MHC alleles, and an in vitro assay confirmed tumor cell lysis after exposure to the prototype vaccine. Statistical projections and a simulated Kaplan–Meier curve showed that adding a personalized vaccine to biomarker-guided surgery could reduce recurrence by up to 50% and increase disease-free survival from 24 to 40 months. These findings align with existing evidence that neoantigen vaccines help boost the immune response against residual tumor cells, complementing precise surgical removal. Although the results are promising, in vivo studies and clinical trials are needed to confirm safety, real effectiveness, and feasibility, especially in settings with limited genomic resources. This work supports that combining molecular profiling, rational vaccine design, and tailored surgical planning can strengthen precision oncology and offer patients a better chance of achieving long-lasting remission.