Cainã Aillén Ouriques Oliveira

Depending on the side in which the abomasal displacement occurs, abomasal displacement (AD) can be classified into different types, that directly influence clinical and laboratory alterations. The objective of this study was to analyze the main risk factors, clinical manifestations, and laboratory alterations (energy, hormonal, mineral and enzymatic profile) of cows with different types of AD. We included 104 cows, attended at the Garanhuns Cattle Clinic, Campus of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, diagnosed with AD, with 67 cases of left AD (G2), 25 of right AD (G3), and 12 of abomasal volvulus (G4). The control group (G1) consisted of 19 clinically healthy cows. Quantitative data were tested using the ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests, and categorical variables were subjected to Fisher's exact test. A correlation study was carried out between quantitative variables within the groups and all analyses considered p <0.05. Among the risk factors identified, the intensified rearing system (96.15 %), breed (holstein [50.0 %]), and the number of parity (≤ 2 parity [49.04 %]) stand out. Among the clinical findings, dehydration, tachycardia, ruminal tympany, and abdominal distension were more frequent in animals from G3 and G4. Analysis of the energy profile demonstrated an increase in the levels of NEFAs, glucose, and cortisol in animals with AD compared to cows in the control group. Hypocalcemia and hypokalemia were observed in animals with AD, and hyperlactatemia was more pronounced in G4. A clinical-surgical intervention was performed in 86.54 % of animals, with a positive outcome in 76.92 % of cases, with no difference regarding the type of AD. Given the results, it is possible to verify the influence of the type of AD on the intensity of clinical-laboratory alterations, with greater implications for abomasal volvulus, with the predisposing factors for occurrence being identifiable and subject to appropriate control and prevention methods.

Resumo A depender do antímero em que ocorre a paratopia abomasal o deslocamento de abomaso (DA) pode ser classificado em diferentes tipos que influenciam diretamente as alterações clínicolaboratoriais. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os principais fatores de risco, manifestações clínicas e alterações laboratoriais (perfil energético, hormonal, mineral e enzimático) de vacas com diferentes tipos de DA. Foram utilizadas 104 vacas atendidas na Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns, Campus da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, diagnosticadas com DA, sendo 67 casos de DA a esquerda (G2), 25 de DA a direita (G3) e 12 de vólvulo abomasal (G4). O grupo controle (G1) foi composto por 19 vacas clinicamente saudáveis. Os dados quantitativos foram testados pelos testes de ANOVA ou Kruskal-Wallis, enquanto as variáveis categóricas foram submetidas ao teste exato de Fisher. Foi realizado um estudo de correlação entre variáveis quantitativas dentro dos grupos e todas as análises consideraram p<0,05. Dentre os fatores de risco identificados destacamse o sistema intensificado de criação (96,15 %), a raça (holandesa [50,0 %]), e número de partos (≤ 2 partos [49,04 %]). Dentre os achados clínicos, a desidratação, taquicardia, timpania ruminal e distensão abdominal foram mais frequentes nos animais do G3 e G4. A análise do perfil energético demonstrou elevação nos níveis de AGNEs, glicose e cortisol dos animais com DA em comparação com as vacas do grupo controle. Hipocalcemia e hipocalemia foram constatados nos animais com DA, e a hiperlactatemia foi mais acentuada no G4. A intervenção clínica-cirúrgica foi realizada em 86,54 % dos animais, com um desfecho positivo em 76,92 % dos casos, sem diferença quanto ao tipo de DA. Diante dos resultados, é possível constatar a influência do tipo de DA na intensidade das alterações clínico-laboratoriais, com maiores implicações no vólvulo abomasal, sendo os fatores predisponentes para sua ocorrência identificáveis e passíveis de métodos de controle e prevenção adequados.

Plants containing monofluoroacetic acid constitute an important group responsible for poisoning in ruminants. In this sense, Palicourea aeneofusca stands out for being the main representative of these plants in the Agreste region of Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil, causing considerable economic losses. Therefore, the objective of this study is to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological aspects of two outbreaks of spontaneous poisoning caused by P. aeneofusca in cattle in this region. Technical visits were carried out on two properties (A and B) with reports of sudden death in cattle, between August and September 2023, in two municipalities in the Southern Agreste region of Pernambuco. Epidemiological data were collected, in addition to inspection of pastures and identification of plants with toxic potential. Two cattle that died, one from each of the respective properties, were subjected to necropsy examination with collection of material for histopathological evaluation. P. aeneofusca was identified as the cause of cattle poisoning on the properties, both of which maintain preserved forest areas within their territory. In total, four cattle from property A (herd of 60 animals) and one animal from property B (herd of seven animals) died. The histopathological evaluation revealed hydropic-vacuolar degeneration in the cytoplasm of tubular epithelial cells and multifocal lymphocytic myocarditis with small hemorrhagic foci. Epidemiological data, histopathological lesions, and botanical identification of the plant were used as elements to confirm the diagnosis of poisoning by P. aeneofusca, confirming the negative impact of poisoning by this plant on cattle herds in the region.

The occurrence of outbreak of poisoning due to a combination of plants is uncommon worldwide, and there are no records of similar cases in Brazil. An outbreak of poisoning by Froelichia humboldtiana and Indigofera suffruticosa in ruminants in the Sertão of Pernambuco is described. The spontaneous poisoning began between the months of October and December 2022, in the region of Salgueiro, Verdejante and Cabrobó. Approximately 235 cattle were affected. These animals showed clinical signs of ulcerative dermatitis in depigmented areas of the skin, compatible with photosensitization and hemoglobinuria. Twenty-five animals were clinically evaluated, and in seven of them with severe clinical signs, serum levels of AST, GGT and CK were evaluated. One animal progressed to death and was necropsied, where diffuse hepatic necrosis and periportal fibrosis were identified on histopathological examination, as well as vacuolar degeneration in the renal tubular epithelium. Inspection of the grazing areas revealed the massive presence of Froelichia humboldtiana and Indigofera suffruticosa in close association.