Aiste Krikstaponyte

Amperometric glucose biosensors remain indispensable analytical tools in clinical diagnostics due to their sensitivity, simplicity, and suitability for rapid measurements. Herein, an amperometric glucose biosensor based on immobilized glucose oxidase (GOx) and trimetallic nickel–platinum–palladium (NiPtPd) nanoparticles is reported. The NiPtPd nanoparticles deposited on a graphite rod electrode exhibited pronounced peroxidase-like activity and enabled efficient low-potential electrochemical transduction of the enzymatic reaction. The resulting biosensor displayed a linear response toward glucose in the concentration range from 0.04 to 1.58 mM. The limits of detection and quantification were determined to be 17.33 and 52.53 µM, respectively, and the sensitivity was 29.84 µA/mMcm². The developed biosensor demonstrated good analytical precision, with repeatability and reproducibility characterized by relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 4.01 and 9.0%, respectively. High selectivity toward glucose, strong resistance to common electroactive interferents, and satisfactory short-term storage stability (90.78% signal retention after 14 days) were also achieved. Furthermore, preliminary glucose determination in a diluted human serum sample was demonstrated with a recovery of 101.28% and an RSD of 5.27%, indicating the potential applicability of the biosensor for analysis in diluted biological matrices. These findings demonstrate that trimetallic NiPtPd nanoparticles can serve as effective low-potential electrocatalytic transducers in enzyme–nanozyme sensing platforms.

Amperometric biosensors, due to their high sensitivity, fast response time, low cost, simple control, miniaturization capabilities, and other advantages, are receiving significant attention in the field of medical diagnostics, especially in monitoring blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. In this study, an amperometric glucose biosensor based on immobilized enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx) and bimetallic platinum cobalt (PtCo) nanoparticles was developed. The PtCo nanoparticles, deposited on a graphite rod electrode, exhibited peroxidase-like catalytic properties and were able to electrocatalyze the reduction of H₂O₂. After immobilization of the GOx, an amperometric signal generated by the biosensor was directly proportional to the glucose concentration in the range of 0.04–2.18 mM. The biosensor demonstrated a sensitivity of 19.38 μA mM⁻¹ cm⁻², with a detection limit of 0.021 mM and a quantification limit of 0.064 mM. In addition to this analytical performance, the biosensor exhibited excellent repeatability (relative standard deviation (RSD) was 4.90%); operational and storage stability, retaining 98.93% and 95.33% of its initial response after 26 cycles of glucose detection and over a 14-day period, respectively; and anti-interference ability against electroactive species, as well as exceptional selectivity for glucose and satisfactory reproducibility (RSD 8.90%). Additionally, the biosensor was able to detect glucose levels in blood serum with a high accuracy (RSD 5.89%), indicating potential suitability for glucose determination in real samples.