Julissa Denisse Arguello Alvarado

This in vitro and in vivo study assessed dealcoholized red wine (DRW) effects on cytokine profile in macrophage (MQ)-periodontal ligament fibroblast (PDLFs) co-cultures and its impact on blood parameters, inflammatory/bone markers, cytokine expression, and periapical bone loss in rat apical periodontitis (AP). A MQ-PDLFs co-culture and Wistar rats with induced AP were exposed to DRW or red wine (W), with DMEM or water as controls (C). Cell cultures were analyzed for cytokine profile using a multiplex immunoassay. Rats underwent blood profiling, radiography, qRT-PCR, and histometric analysis of AP. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Multiplex analysis of the co-culture revealed that DRW induced lower interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels compared to C and W, higher IL-10 level than C, and lower IL-1β level only compared to W (P<0.05). Radiographic images confirmed AP development in rats. DRW showed a reduced monocyte count compared to C (P0.05). Additionally, DRW showed lower IL-1β expression than C, and higher IL-10 expression only compared to W in AP (P0.05). In conclusion, DRW promoted an anti-inflammatory profile in co-cultures and in vivo. However, these effects did not translate into differences in lesion size or bone loss within the experimental model evaluated.

Apical periodontitis (AP) is an inflammatory/infectious disease that leads to alveolar bone resorption. Cyanidin‐3‐glucoside (C3G) is an anthocyanin known for its anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and bone metabolism‐regulating properties, suggesting benefits during AP development. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of C3G supplementation on bone resorption and inflammation during the progression of AP in Wistar rats. Sixteen male albino Wistar rats were divided into two groups: a control group (C) that received potable water, and a treatment group (C3G) that received a C3G solution. Supplements were administered daily via oral gavage for 45 days. AP was induced in both groups on Day 15, and it was allowed to develop for 30 days. After the experimental period, the animals were euthanized, and the upper and lower jaws were collected to assess lesion volume, bone microstructure, the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate, and the expression of IL‐1β, TNF‐α, IL‐10, the RANKL/OPG ratio, and TRAP immunolabeling at the AP site. Statistical analysis was performed with a 5% significance level. Compared to controls, C3G‐treated rats exhibited reduced lesion volume, increased bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness, lower RANKL/OPG ratio, and fewer TRAP‐positive cells/mm ( p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in inflammatory infiltrate or cytokine expression (IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and IL‐10) at the lesion site ( p > 0.05). C3G supplementation modulated bone resorption by reducing lesion volume and osteoclast activity, while enhancing bone microstructural parameters, without significantly affecting local inflammatory markers.

Apical periodontitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease influenced by local and systemic factors. Nutritional compounds can modulate the inflammation, helping the healing process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the local and systemic effects of dealcoholized red wine during the repair of alveolar bone with induced AP. Thirty-five male Wistar rats with AP that had their teeth extracted were arranged into five groups according to the supplementation: no supplementation (NC); red wine (RW); dealcoholized red wine (DRW); and alcohol (AL). The extraction of healthy teeth from rats with no supplementation served as control (C). The experimental protocol lasted 75 days with daily supplementation. At the 15th day, AP was induced in the four first molars, which were extracted 30 days later. After 30 days of alveolar bone healing, the animals were euthanized, blood and mandible samples were collected for hematological, ELISA, and histological analysis. Statistical analysis was performed at a significance of 5%. DRW, C, and ALC exhibited red blood cells count within the reference threshold while RW was above it (p<0.05). Hemoglobin in DRW and C were within the reference, but not in NC, RW, and AL (p<0.05). Hematocrit values were similar and remained within normal ranges for all groups. Platelet counts were elevated in all groups compared to C (p<0.05) but within reference. Medium platelet volume was lower in DRW, NC, and AL than in C (p0.05). Alcohol supplementation increased serum IL-1β levels (p<0.05). In contrast, serum TNF-α levels were reduced in DRW and RW (p0.05). Bone repair was more advanced in C than in NC (p<0.05). More trabecular bone formation in DRW, C and RW (p<0.05). AL showed the highest inflammatory infiltration score, affecting both connective and bone tissue, whereas C and DRW had the lowest levels (p<0.05). Epithelial and connective tissue s scores were similar between C and DRW but significantly lower than NC, RW, and AL (p<0.05). It was concluded that DRW supplementation had a positive effect on the modulation of the inflammatory response and on the repair of bone tissue in the dental alveoli of teeth with AP. Supplementation with RW and AL resulted in changes in blood parameters, indicating a negative influence of alcohol.

Objective: To investigate the effects of dealcoholized red wine supplementation on blood cells and the redox state in male rats with established apical periodontitis (AP). Methodology: Thirty-two male Wistar rats were assigned to one of four groups: control (C), dealcoholized red wine (DRW), red wine (RW), and alcohol (AL). AP was induced, and supplementation was administered for 30 days, starting 30 days after AP induction. At the end of the 60th day, the maxillae were removed for AP radiographic analysis and blood was collected for blood cell and redox state analysis. Statistical tests were applied (p<0.05). Results: The C and DRW groups showed higher weight gain percentages (p<0.05). The DRW and AL groups exhibited the smallest and the largest periapical lesion areas, respectively (p<0.05). The RW and DRW groups showed similar red blood cell parameters to the C group but different from the AL group (p<0.05). Lymphocyte counts were smaller in the DRW and RW groups compared to the AL and C groups (p<0.05), and the neutrophil count was lower in the AL group (p<0.05). No significant differences were found in monocytes and in lipid and protein oxidative damage. Superoxide dismutase activity was lower in the AL group (p<0.05). The DRW group presented a higher glutathione concentration compared to the RW and AL groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: DRW reduced periapical lesion size and altered the blood profile by reducing the lymphocyte count and increasing the concentration of endogenous antioxidants such as GSH in male rats with established AP.