İsMet Boz

This study compares smallholder large ruminant farmers utilising both improved and unimproved pastures in terms of their socioeconomic characteristics and efficiency indicators. Data were collected by a survey involving 105 farms utilising improved pastures and 116 farms using unimproved pastures, determined by stratified sampling. Scores for technical, allocative, and economic efficiency were obtained by input-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The findings indicate that improved-pasture users had higher mean technical efficiency (0.89) than unimproved-pasture users (0.74), while mean economic efficiency was 0.76 and 0.61, respectively. Farming income, number of animals, participation in village administration, membership in farmers’ organizations, and difficulties in credit repayment were statistically associated with pasture-utilisation status. Because the cross-sectional design does not establish temporal ordering or control fully for pre-existing differences between the groups, these results should be interpreted as associations rather than causal effects of pasture improvement. The findings support monitoring grazing capacity, producer participation, economic outcomes, and ecological indicators in future evaluations.

Environmental education plays a significant role in improving environmental knowledge and shaping the eco-friendly lifestyles of young people. Young people’s daily actions and habits will determine the future of the Earth as a planet. The literature regarding youths’ environmental knowledge, climate change awareness, environmental attitude, and their impact on pro-environmental intentions and sustainable household consumption practices is very scarce. Therefore, this study explored the relationship between environmental knowledge, climate change awareness, environmental attitude, and the pro-environmental intentions of university students. The study also assessed the moderating effect of environmental education on pro-environmental behavior and sustainable household consumption practices, providing a comparative analysis of students with and without environmental education, which is unique in the literature. The data were collected from 2137 Chinese university students selected through a purposive and random sampling method through survey questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) were used to analyze the collected data. The findings revealed that environmental knowledge, climate change awareness, and environmental attitudes of the students positively affected their pro-environmental intentions. Moreover, pro-environmental intentions also positively affected the adoption of sustainable practices. The result also showed that the impact of pro-environmental intentions on sustainable consumption practices was greater for those whose education included environmental courses than for those whose education did not. Therefore, it is suggested that environment-related courses be incorporated into the study plans of each discipline as a compulsory subject for promoting green intentions and shaping eco-friendly lifestyles for environmental sustainability.

Governments around the globe are trying to find sustainable solutions for lessening pressure on natural resources and reducing carbon emissions. Daily household consumption of food, energy, and water has an impact on stocks of natural resources, environmental quality, and climate change. Households have significant potential for increasing conservation actions for efficient use of natural resources and greenhouse gas emissions. Households could contribute to a clean and healthy environment by adopting sustainable household practices through lower per capita consumption and carbon emissions. This study explored the role of different sustainable household consumption practices in promoting a clean environment as well as the factors affecting the adoption of these practices in Pakistan. Factor analysis and an ordered probit model were used to analyze the data from 1424 participants chosen through a multistage random sampling technique. The factor analysis identified 35 sustainable household practices for sustainable consumption. These 35 practices were grouped into the underlying factors of “Food” (14 items), “Energy” (12 items), and “Water” (9 items). The results from the econometric model showed a significant relationship between gender, education, residential area, family size, and income and the adoption of sustainable household consumption practices. Statistically, higher levels of reported sustainable consumption practices were apparent among females, households living in urban areas, more educated people, individuals of large family sizes, and more affluent households. Therefore, public policies for taking care of the environment need to put households at the center while at the same time promoting mass uptake of sustainable consumption practices related to food, energy, and water. In addition, the sector-specific policies also need to be augmented through focus on household-level consumption and production dynamics for achieving the UN’s SDGs.

Araştırmanın amacı Samsun ili Çarşamba ilçesinde geçimini bitkisel üretimden sağlayan üreticilerin tarımsal mücadele ilaçları seçimi ve kullanımındaki bilinç düzeylerinin ölçülmesi ve ölçülen bu bilinç düzeyinin sosyoekonomik özellikler ve iletişim davranışları bakımından karşılaştırılmasıdır. Araştırmada kullanılan veriler ilçeden tesadüfi tabakalı örnekleme metodu ile belirlenen 112 çiftçi ile 2018 yılı mart ayında yüz yüze yapılan anketlerle toplanmıştır. Çiftçilerin tarımsal mücadele ilaçları hakkındaki bilinç düzeyleri dört alt kısımda (ilaçlama, çevre, sağlık ve satın alma) hazırlanan sorulara verilen skorlarla belirlenmiş ve bu dört kısmın toplamı toplam bilinç skorunu oluşturmuştur. Araştırma bulgularına göre çiftçilerin bilinç düzeyi 87 ile 152 arasında bir değişim göstermiştir. Bilinç düzeyi sosyo-ekonomik özelliklerden tarımsal gelir, tarıma ayrılan yıllık bütçe, arazi büyüklüğü, cinsiyet ve tarımsal deneyime göre farklılık göstermiştir. Bilinç düzeyinin iletişim davranışları bakımından farklılık gösterdiği iki değişken ise ilçe merkezine gidiş sıklığı ve il merkezine gidiş sıklığı olmuştur. Araştırmada ilçede çiftçilerin tarımsal mücadele ilaçları konusunda bilinç düzeylerini artırmak için başta Tarım ve Orman il ve ilçe müdürlükleri, çiftçi örgütleri, tüketici örgütleri, üniversite ve diğer ilgili paydaşların katılımı ile çeşitli eğitim ve yayım çalışmalarının yapılması önerilmektedir.

The objective of the study was to identify the marketing structure and opportunities of almond products in the Samangan and Balkh provinces. The primary data were obtained from questionnaires conducted by face to face interviews with the 125 small scale almond producers and 42 intermediaries, and the secondary data collected from various sources. The collected data were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric statistical methods. According to the results of the study, the average age was 45.13 years for almond farmers and 41.44 years for intermediaries. The average schooling years were 5.40 years for farmers and 9.43 years for intermediaries. While most of the farmers were elementary school graduates, the majority of the intermediaries were secondary school graduates. The strongest aspects of the almond marketing sector in the region are the experience of the farmers and their high interest in this product. The most important opportunities are the good experience of farmers, the adaptation of almonds in Balkh and Samangan, the interest of the farmer in horticulture, availability of substantial varieties of almonds, exports competitiveness of almond products of the region, and the favorable climatic conditions. The study concludes that the government and NGOs should support producers and intermediaries in developing the infrastructure of local markets. They should provide farmers with agricultural inputs at affordable prices, implement capacity building programs, inform all stakeholders on input and product prices, develop credit opportunities, and support farmers' organizations.

Araştırmanın amacı Bursa İli Yıldırım İlçesi Cumalıkızık Köyüne gelen ziyaretçilerin köydeki kırsal turizm faaliyetlerinden memnuniyet düzeyini belirlemektir. Araştırmanın ana materyalini köye gelen ziyaretçilerden Cochran örnekleme metodu ile belirlenen 171 ziyaretçi ile 2016 yılı Kasım ayında yapılan anketlerden elde edilen veriler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma bulgularına göre ziyaretçilerin %62,6’sını kadınlar oluşturmaktadır. Ziyaretçilerin aylık gelirleri ortalama 2876 TL olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ziyaretçiler, ziyarette ortalama 66 TL harcamayı düşünmektedir. Ziyaretçilerin yerel halka karşı duyarlılığı en fazla memnun kaldıkları durum olmuştur. Ziyaretçiler yerel ürün fiyatları konusunda da kararsız olduklarını belirtmişlerdir. Günümüzde kırsal turizm çalışmaları ile kırsal kalkınmanın desteklenmesi hedeflenmektedir. Böylelikle kırsal alanlardaki insanların refah seviyeleri arttırılarak, köyden kente göçün de önüne geçilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Kırsal turizm çalışmalarının daha bilinçli yapılması bölgeye giden turist sayısını arttıracaktır.

This study was conducted in Carsamba District of Samsun Province to identify the sources of information for producers who grow under cover vegetables, and to evaluate these sources in terms of agricultural extension. The material of the research consists of the data obtained from the survey conducted in the fall of 2019 with 104 producers from 37 villages. The sources of information used by the farmers were divided into two groups as modern and traditional sources. The differences between these two groups in terms of socioeconomic characteristics and communication behaviors were checked with independent sample t-test and chi-square test. According to the research findings; producers who used modern sources of information had more advantages in terms of greenhouse area, farming experience, presence of tractors, income, and social security; It was also determined that they had more advantages regarding the frequency of meeting with agricultural institutions, and frequency of traveling to the city center. In the research, training and extension activities are recommended for producers to use modern sources of information and to communicate with agricultural institutions.