O. A. Efremova

Introduction . Pancreatoduodenectomy is among the most technically demanding procedures in abdominal surgery. Recent developments in minimally invasive techniques, particularly laparoscopic and robotic systems, have reshaped operative strategies. Robotic systems offer several technical advantages over conventional laparoscopy, which may be especially advantageous in pancreatic surgery. Aim. This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of robot‑assisted pancreatoduodenectomy. Materials and methods . This study was conducted in the surgical department of the BSMU Clinic from September 2020 to September 2025. 27 patients undergoing operative treatment were included. Group 1 comprised 12 patients who underwent robot‑assisted pancreatoduodenectomy; Group 2 included 15 patients who underwent an open procedure. Perioperative outcomes and early and late postoperative complications were assessed and stratified according to the Clavien–Dindo classification. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Office 2024 and IBM SPSS Statistics 27, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results and discussion . Preoperative characteristics exhibited no significant difference between groups (p > 0.05). Intraoperatively, Group 1 had significantly lower blood loss (p < 0.001), although operative time was longer than in Group 2 (p < 0.001). Postoperatively, Group 1 demonstrated faster recovery of bowel function (p < 0.001) and a shorter hospital stay (p = 0.004). Although thirty‑day postoperative complications occurred more frequently in Group 2 (46.7%), the difference between groups was statistically insignificant (p = 0.419). The advantages of the robotic approach are attributed to reduced operative trauma and greater precision during dissection and reconstruction. Conclusion . Robot‑assisted pancreatoduodenectomy is an effective and safe option for the radical treatment of tumors of the pancreaticoduodenal region.

Introduction. Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common oncological diseases, the tactics of its treatment directly depends on the stage. According to statistics, prostate cancer (prostate cancer) accounts for more than 1.4 million new cases annually. The «gold» standard at the moment for localized prostate cancer is surgical intervention in the volume of radical robot-assisted prostatectomy. The aim was to development technologies for calculating the trajectory of movements of the traveled path of surgical instruments during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy; devalopment and implementation of an «active» robot system into the learning process, and later into the workflow; devalopment of a self-monitoring system for a surgeon in self-study. Materials and methods. On the basis of the Bashkir State Medical University clinic, 30 surgical robot-assisted radical prostatectomies performed by two surgeons were analyzed, of which surgeon 1 performed 14 surgical interventions and surgeon 2 performed 16 surgical interventions. Results. During the analysis, data were obtained on the average duration of the operation of robot-assisted radical prostatectomies, the movement time of robotic instruments. Conclusion. The study of the analysis of the time of movement of instruments is an important step towards optimizing resources and improving the efficiency of the medical process.